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NEWS
06 August 2021

COVID vaccine inequity, species swaps — the week in infographics

Nature highlights three key infographics from the week in science and research.

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Inequity in vaccine accessRich nations’ plans to administer booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine to people who have been fully vaccinated have drawn criticism from many global health researchers, who highlight the growing disparities between wealth and access to vaccines. A July report from KFF, a health-policy organization based in San Francisco, California, finds that at current vaccination rates, low-income countries won’t achieve substantial levels of protection until at least 2023.

Sources: KFF/Our World in Data/World Bank

The changing face of ecosystemsDespite alarming declines in some animal and plant species, total biodiversity in many ecosystems is not decreasing. But that doesn’t mean such ecosystems are static. In fact, the mix of species in local communities is changing rapidly almost everywhere on Earth. As some inhabitants disappear, colonizers move in and add to species richness.

Source: S. A. Blowes et al. Science 366, 339–345 (2019).

Genetics behind the menopauseGenetic variants associated with age at onset of menopause have been identified in a large-scale genomic analysis, findings that bring scientists a step closer to predicting and treating early menopause. When the DNA of egg cells in ovaries is damaged in mice, expression of the gene Chek1 promotes DNA repair, whereas expression of Chek2 promotes destruction of the affected cell. The analysis found that variants of the human equivalent of Chek2 and other genes involved in the response to DNA damage are associated with differences in age at natural menopause. It also showed that mice carrying an extra copy of Chek1, or lacking expression of Chek2, had a longer reproductive age span than did typical mice.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02151-z

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Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Peter-Jordan Str. 82, 1190, Wien, AustriaElisabeth PötzelsbergerEuropean Forest Institute, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113, Bonn, GermanyElisabeth PötzelsbergerForest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandMartin M. GossnerETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, 8092, Zurich, SwitzerlandMartin M. GossnerForest Protection, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandLudwig Beenken & Sophie StrohekerFaculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, PolandAnna Gazda & Srđan KerenForest Research, Forestry Commission, Northern Research Station, Roslin, EH25 9SY, Great BritainMichal PetrNatural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, FinlandTiina YliojaFEM Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, ItalyNicola La PortaThe EFI Project Centre on Mountain Forests MOUNTFOR, Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all’Adige, ItalyNicola La PortaForest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Vassilika, 57006, GreeceDimitrios N. AvtzisWalloon Public service (SPW), 23 av Maréchal Juin, 5030, Gembloux, BelgiumElodie Bay & Marjana WestergrenSlovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaMaarten De Groot & Nikica OgrisInstitute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, EstoniaRein DrenkhanFaculty of Forestry, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street 13, 720229, Suceava, RomaniaMihai-Leonard DudumanInstitute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kuehn Institute (Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants), Messeweg 11/12, 38104, Braunschweig, GermanyRasmus EnderleDepartment of Entomology, Phytopathologyy and Game fauna, Forest Research Institute – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, St. Kliment Ohridski 132, 1756, Sofia, BulgariaMargarita GeorgievaDepartment of Fungal Plant Pathology in Forestry, Agriculture and Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Innocamp Steinkjer, skolegata 22, 7713, Steinkjer, NorwayAri M. HietalaInstitute for National and International Plant Health, Julius Kuehn Institute (Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants), Messeweg 11/12, 38104, Braunschweig, GermanyBjörn HoppeBiodiversité, Gènes et Communautés (BioGeCo), French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), University Bordeaux, F-33610, Cestas, FranceHervé JactelDepartment of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 83, 1000, Ljubljana, SloveniaKristjan JarniFaculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Bulevar vojvode Stepe Stepanovica 75A, 51000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and HerzegovinaSrđan KerenForest Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Farkassziget 3, H-4150, Püspökladány, HungaryZsolt KeseruDepartment of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100, Toruń, PolandMarcin Koprowski & Radoslaw PuchalkaCentre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, PL-87-100, Toruń, PolandMarcin Koprowski & Radoslaw PuchalkaInstitute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology SAS, Akademicka 2, P. O. Box 39A, SK-950 07, Nitra, SlovakiaAndrej KormuťákUnidade de Xestión Ambiental e Forestal Sostible, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, SpainMaría Josefa LombarderoLaboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB), Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, EstoniaAljona LukjanovaFaculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentu 11, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas, LithuaniaVitas MarozasMediterranean Facility, European Forest Institute, Sant Pau Art Nouveau Site, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, SpainEdurad MauriCentro di Ricerca Foreste e Legno, Council for agricultural research and analysis of the agricultural economy (CREA), Viale Santa Margherita, 80, 52100, Arezzo, ItalyMaria Cristina MonteverdiNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, NO-1431, Ås, NorwayPer Holm Nygaard“Marin Drăcea” National Research-Development Institute in Forestry, Station Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Calea Bucovinei, 73bis, 725100, Câmpulung Moldovenesc, RomaniaNicolai OleniciEFI Atlantic, European Forest Institute, 69, Route de Arcachon, F-33610, Cestas, FranceChristophe OrazioIEFC Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée, 69, Route de Arcachon, F-33610, Cestas, FranceChristophe OrazioDepartment of Forest Protection, Austrian Federal Research Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131, Vienna, AustriaBernhard PernyCentre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, PortugalGlória PintoCoillte Unit 27, Coillte Forest, Danville Business Park, Kilkenny, R95 YT95, IrelandMichael PowerDepartment of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C., GermanyHans Peter RavnUCD Forestry, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, UCD Forestry, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Dublin, IrelandIgnacio SevillanoForest Research, Forestry Commission, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9SY, Great BritainPaul TaylorInstitute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “Demeter”-, Terma Alkmanos, 11528, Athens, GreecePanagiotis TsopelasFaculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech RepublicJosef UrbanSiberian Federal University, Svobodnyy Ave, 79, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, RussiaJosef UrbanInstitute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, EstonianUniversity of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, EstoniaKaljo VoolmaSouthern Swedish Forest Research Center, PO Box 49, SE-230 53, Alnarp, SwedenJohanna WitzellPolissya Branch, Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, Neskorenych st. 2, Dovzhik, UkraineOlga ZborovskaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Antona Cehova 13d, 21 000, Novi Sad, SerbiaMilica ZlatkovicE.P., A.G, M.P., T.Y. and N.L.P. developed the concept and design of the study and organised the data collection, E.P., M.M.G. and L.B. managed the database, homogenised and cleaned the data, E.P. and M.M.G. performed the analysis and all other co-authors collected and synthesised the information for their respective countries. E.P., M.M.G. and L.B. wrote the paper and all other co-authors reviewed the paper. More

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