Ecology

1.Roces, F. Individual complexity and self-organization in foraging by leaf-cutting ants. Biol. Bull. 202, 306–313 (2002).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
2.Cerdá, X., Angulo, E., Boulay, R. & Lenoir, A. Individual and collective foraging decisions: A field study of worker recruitment in the gypsy ant Aphaenogaster senilis. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 63, 551–562 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Dussutour, A., Deneubourg, J.-L., Beshers, S. & Fourcassié, V. Individual and collective problem-solving in a foraging context in the leaf-cutting ant Atta colombica. Anim. Cogn. 12, 21–30 (2009).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Leboeuf, A. C. & Grozinger, C. M. Me and we: The interplay between individual and group behavioral variation in social collectives. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 5, 16–24 (2014).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Feinerman, O. & Korman, A. Individual versus collective cognition in social insects. J. Exp. Biol. 220, 73–82 (2017).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
6.Frank, E. T. & Linsenmair, K. E. Individual versus collective decision making: Optimal foraging in the group-hunting termite specialist Megaponera analis. Anim. Behav. 130, 27–35 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Menzel, R., Leboulle, G. & Eisenhardt, D. Small brains, bright minds. Cell 124, 237–239 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Leadbeater, E. & Chittka, L. Social learning in insects—From miniature brains to consensus building. Curr. Biol. 17, 703–713 (2007).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
9.Giurfa, M. Cognition with few neurons: Higher-order learning in insects. Trends Neurosci. 36, 285–294 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
10.Guerrieri, F. J. & D’Ettorre, P. Associative learning in ants: Conditioning of the maxilla-labium extension response in Camponotus aethiops. J. Insect Physiol. 56, 88–92 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
11.Gordon, D. M. The dynamics of the daily round of the harvester ant colony (Pogonomyrmex barbatus). Anim. Behav. 34, 1402–1419 (1986).Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Goss, S., Aron, S., Deneubourg, J. L. & Pasteels, J. M. Self-organized shortcuts in the Argentine ant. Naturwissenschaften 76, 579–581 (1989).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Gordon, D. M. The organization of work in social insect colonies. Nature 380, 121–124 (1996).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Czaczkes, T. J. et al. Composite collective decision-making. Proc. Biol. Sci. 282, 20142723 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
15.Bonabeau, E., Theraulaz, G., Deneubourg, J.-L., Aron, S. & Camazine, S. Self-organization in social insects. TREE 12, 188–194 (1997).CAS 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
16.Boomsma, J. J. & Franks, N. R. Social insects: From selfish genes to self organisation and beyond. Trends Ecol. Evol. 21, 303–308 (2006).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Camazine, S., Deneubourg, J.L., Franks, N.R., Sneyd, J., Theraulaz, G., Bonabeau, E. Self-Organization in Biological Systems. (Princeton University Press, 2003).18.Constant, N., Santorelli, L.A., Lopes, J.F.S., Hughes, W.O.H. The effects of genotype, caste, and age on foraging performance in leaf-cutting ants. Behav. Ecol. 23, 1284–1288 (2012).19.Feinerman, O. & Traniello, J. F. A. Social complexity, diet, and brain evolution: Modeling the effects of colony size, worker size, brain size, and foraging behavior on colony fitness in ants. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 70, 1063–1074 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
20.McCluskey, E.S. Circadian-rhythms in male-ants of five diverse species. Science (80- ) 150, 1037–1039 (1965).21.North, R. D. Circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in individual workers of the wood ant Formica rufa. Physiol. Entomol. 12, 445–454 (1987).Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Cros, S., Cerdá, X., Retana, J., De, E. U. & De, C. F. Spatial and temporal variations in the activity patterns of Mediterranean ant communities. Écoscience 4, 269–278 (1997).Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Bellusci, S. & David, M. M. Circadian activity rhythm of the foragers of a eusocial bee (Scaptotrigona aff depilis, Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae) outside the nest. Biol. Rhythm Res. 32, 117–124 (2001).Article 

Google Scholar 
24.Narendra, A., Reid, S.F., Greiner, B., Peters, R.A., Hemmi, J.M., Ribi, W.A. et al. Caste-specific visual adaptations to distinct daily activity schedules in Australian Myrmecia ants. Proc. Biol. Sci. 278, 1141–1149 (2011).25.Yilmaz, A., Aksoy, V., Camlitepe, Y. & Giurfa, M. Eye structure, activity rhythms, and visually-driven behavior are tuned to visual niche in ants. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 8, 205 (2014).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Nickele, M. A., Filho, W. R., Pie, M. R. & Penteado, S. R. C. Daily foraging activity of Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) leaf-cutting ants. Sociobiology 63, 645–650 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Aschoff, J. Exogenous and endogenous components in circadian rhythms. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 25, 11–28 (1960).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Hall, J. C. Genetics and molecular biology of rhythms in Drosophila and other insects. Adv. Genet. 48, 1–280 (2003).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Sandrelli, F., Costa, R., Kyriacou, C. P. & Rosato, E. Comparative analysis of circadian clock genes in insects. Insect Mol. Biol. 17, 447–463 (2008).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Hamilton, W. D. The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. J. Theor. Biol. 7, 1–16 (1964).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Abbot, P., Abe, J., Alcock, J., Alizon, S., Alpedrinha, J.A.C., Andersson, M. et al. Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality. Nature 471, E1–E4 (2011).32.Kost, C., De Oliveira, E. G., Knoch, T. A. & Wirth, R. Spatio-temporal permanence and plasticity of foraging trails in young and mature leaf-cutting ant colonies (Atta spp.). J. Trop. Ecol. 21, 677–688 (2005).33.Bochynek, T., Meyer, B. & Burd, M. Energetics of trail clearing in the leaf-cutter ant Atta. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 71, 1–10 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Bouchebti, S., Travaglini, R. V., Forti, L. C. & Fourcassié, V. Dynamics of physical trail construction and of trail usage in the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 31, 105–120 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Cherrett, J. M. The foraging behavior of Atta cephalotes L. J. Anim. Ecol. 37, 387–403 (1968).Article 

Google Scholar 
36.Lewis, T., Pollard, G.V., Dibley, G.C. Rhythmic foraging in the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes (L.) (Formicidae: Attini). J. Anim. Ecol. 43, 129 (1974).37.Sharma, V. K., Lone, S. R., Mathew, D., Goel, A. & Chandrashekaran, M. K. Possible evidence for shift work schedules in the media workers of the ant species Camponotus compressus. Chronobiol. Int. 21, 297–308 (2004).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Koto, A., Mersch, D., Hollis, B. & Keller, L. Social isolation causes mortality by disrupting energy homeostasis in ants. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 69, 583–591 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Wilson, E.O. Caste and division of labor in leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Atta) I. The overall pattern in A. sexdens. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 7, 143–156 (1980).40.Wilson, E.O. Caste and division of labor in leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Atta) II. The ergonomic optimization of leaf cutting. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 7, 157–165 (1980).41.Holbrook, C. T., Eriksson, T. H., Overson, R. P., Gadau, J. & Fewell, J. H. Colony-size effects on task organization in the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex californicus. Insect. Soc. 60, 191–201 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Martinoya, C., Bloch, S., Ventura, D. F. & Puglia, N. M. Spectral efficiency as measured by ERG in the ant (Atta sexdens rubropilosa). J. Comp. Physiol A 104, 205–210 (1975).Article 

Google Scholar 
43.Kaiser, W. Busy bees need rest, too. J. Comp. Physiol. A 163, 565–584 (1988).Article 

Google Scholar 
44.Sauer, S., Herrmann, E. & Kaiser, W. Sleep deprivation in honey bees. J. Sleep Res. 13, 145–152 (2004).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Klein, B. A., Klein, A., Wray, M. K., Mueller, U. G. & Seeley, T. D. Sleep deprivation impairs precision of waggle dance signaling in honey bees. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 22705–22709 (2010).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
46.Mildner, S. & Roces, F. Plasticity of daily behavioral rhythms in foragers and nurses of the ant Camponotus rufipes: Influence of social context and feeding times. PLoS ONE 12, e0169244 (2017).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
47.Fujioka, H. et al. Ant circadian activity associated with brood care type. Biol. Lett. 13, 20160743 (2017).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
48.Klein, B. A., Olzsowy, K. M., Klein, A., Saunders, K. M. & Seeley, T. D. Caste-dependent sleep of worker honey bees. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 3028–3040 (2008).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
49.Bloch, G., Toma, D. P. & Robinson, G. E. Behavioral rhythmicity, age, division of labor and period expression in the honey bee brain. J. Biol. Rhythms 16, 444–456 (2001).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
50.Bloch, G. The social clock of the honeybee. J. Biol. Rhythms 25, 307–317 (2010).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
51.Bloch, G., Sullivan, J. P. & Robinson, G. E. Juvenile hormone and circadian locomotor activity in the honey bee Apis mellifera. J. Insect Physiol. 48, 1123–1131 (2002).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
52.Bernhard Kraus, F., Gerecke, E., Moritz, R.F.A. Shift work has a genetic basis in honeybee pollen foragers (Apis mellifera L.). Behav. Genet. 41, 323–328 (2011).53.Wilson, E.O. Caste and division of labor in leaf-cutter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Atta) III. Ergonomic resiliency in foraging by A. cephalotes. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 14, 55–60 (1983).54.Detrain, C., Pasteels, J.M. Caste differences in behavioral thresholds as a basis for polyethism during food recruitment in the ant, Pheidole pallidula (Nyl.) (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae). J. Insect Behav. 4, 157–176 (1991).55.Lighton, J. R. B. & QuinlanJr, M. C. D. H. F. Is bigger better? Water balance in the polymorphic desert harvester ant Messor pergandei. Physiol. Entomol. 19, 325–334 (1994).Article 

Google Scholar 
56.Cerdá, X. & Retana, J. Links between worker polymorphism and thermal biology in a thermophilic ant species. Oikos 78, 467 (1997).Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Clémencet, J., Cournault, L., Odent, A. & Doums, C. Worker thermal tolerance in the thermophilic ant Cataglyphis cursor (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Soc. 57, 11–15 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
58.Gadagkar, R. The evolution of caste polymorphism in social insects: Genetic release followed by diversifying evolution. J. Genet. 76, 167–179 (1997).Article 

Google Scholar 
59.Helms Cahan, S. & Keller, L. Complex hybrid origin of genetic caste determination in harvester ants. Nature 424, 306–309 (2003).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
60.Fjerdingstad, E. J. & Crozier, R. H. The evolution of worker caste diversity in social insects. Am. Nat. 167, 390–400 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
61.Trible, W. et al. Orco mutagenesis causes loss of antennal lobe glomeruli and impaired social behavior in ants. Cell 170(727–735), e10 (2017).
Google Scholar 
62.De, T. M. A. et al. Two castes sizes of leafcutter ants in task partitioning in foraging activity. Ciênc. Rural 46, 1902–1908 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
63.Sharkey, K. M. & Eastman, C. I. Melatonin phase shifts human circadian rhythms in a placebo-controlled simulated night-work study. Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282, R454–R463 (2002).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar  More

1.Anderson RE, Sogin ML, Baross JA. Biogeography and ecology of the rare and abundant microbial lineages in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2015;91:1–11.Article 

Google Scholar 
2.Galand PE, Casamayor EO, Kirchman DL, Lovejoy C. Ecology of the rare microbial biosphere of the Arctic Ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:22427–32.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Hanson CA, Fuhrman JA, Horner-Devine MC, Martiny JBH. Beyond biogeographic patterns: processes shaping the microbial landscape. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10:497–506.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Lindstrom ES, Langenheder S. Local and regional factors influencing bacterial community assembly. Env Microbiol Rep. 2012;4:1–9.Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Martiny JBH, Bohannan BJM, Brown JH, Colwell RK, Fuhrman JA, Green JL, et al. Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006;4:102–12.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
6.Ramette A, Tiedje JM. Biogeography: an emerging cornerstone for understanding prokaryotic diversity, ecology, and evolution. Micro Ecol. 2007;53:197–207.Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Teittinen A, Soininen J. Testing the theory of island biogeography for microorganisms-patterns for spring diatoms. Aquat Micro Ecol. 2015;75:239–50.Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Salazar G, Cornejo-Castillo FM, Benitez-Barrios V, Fraile-Nuez E, Alvarez-Salgado XA, Duarte CM, et al. Global diversity and biogeography of deep-sea pelagic prokaryotes. ISME J. 2016;10:596–608.Article 

Google Scholar 
9.Longhurst AR. Chapter 1 – Toward an ecological geography of the sea. Ecological Geography of the Sea, 2nd ed. Burlington: Academic Press; 2007. p. 1–17.10.Duchinski K, Moyer CL, Hager K, Fullerton H. Fine-scale biogeography and the inference of ecological interactions among neutrophilic iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria as determined by a rule-based microbial network. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:1–11.Article 

Google Scholar 
11.Inagaki F, Nunoura T, Nakagawa S, Teske A, Lever M, Lauer A, et al. Biogeographical distribution and diversity of microbes in methane hydrate-bearing deep marine sediments, on the Pacific Ocean Margin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:2815–20.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Ruff SE, Biddle JF, Teske AP, Knittel K, Boetius A, Ramette A. Global dispersion and local diversification of the methane seep microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:4015–20.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Meyer KS. Chapter One – Islands in a sea of mud: Insights from terrestrial island theory for community assembly on insular marine substrata. In: Curry BE, editor. Advances in Marine Biology. 76: Cambridge, Massachusetts: Academic Press; 2017. p. 1–40.14.Paul WS, Amy DA, Gregory SB. Expansion of coral communities within the Northern Gulf of Mexico via offshore oil and gas platforms. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2004;280:129–43.Article 

Google Scholar 
15.Perkol-Finkel S, Benayahu Y. Recruitment of benthic organisms onto a planned artificial reef: shifts in community structure one decade post-deployment. Mar Environ Res. 2005;59:79–99.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Perkol-Finkel S, Shashar N, Barneah O, Ben-David-Zaslow R, Oren U, Reichart T, et al. Fouling reefal communities on artificial reefs: does age matter? Biofouling. 2005;21:127–40.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Svane I, Petersen JK. On the problems of epibioses, fouling and artificial reefs, a review. Mar Ecol. 2001;22:169–88.Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Meyer-Kaiser K, Brooke SD, Sweetman A, Wolf M, Young C. Invertebrate communities on historical shipwrecks in the western Atlantic: relation to islands. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2017;566:17–29.Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Macarthur RH, Wilson EO, Wilson EO. The theory of island biogeography. Revised ed: Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 1967.20.Losos JB, Ricklefs RE, MacArthur RH. The theory of island biogeography revisited. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2010. xvi, 476 p.21.Stieglitz TC. Habitat engineering by decadal-scale bioturbation around shipwrecks on the Great Barrier Reef mid-shelf. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2013;477:29–40.Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Hamdan LJ, Salerno JL, Reed A, Joye SB, Damour M. The impact of the Deepwater Horizon blowout on historic shipwreck-associated sediment microbiomes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Sci Rep. 2018;8:9057.Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Church R, Warren D, Cullimore R, Johnston L, Schroeder WW, Patterson W, et al. Archaeological and biological analysis of World War II shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico: Artifical reef effect in deep water. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of the Interior; 2007. Report No.: MMS 2007-015.24.Mugge RL, Brock ML, Salerno JL, Damour M, Church RA, Lee JS, et al. Deep-sea biofilms, historic shipwreck preservation and the Deepwater Horizon spill. Front Marine Sci. 2019;6:1–17.Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Comeau AM, Li WK, Tremblay JE, Carmack EC, Lovejoy C. Arctic Ocean microbial community structure before and after the 2007 record sea ice minimum. Plos One. 2011;6:e27492.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA, et al. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37:852–7.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, Han AW, Johnson AJA, Holmes SP. DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat Methods. 2016;13:581–3.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Leibold MA, Holyoak M, Mouquet N, Amarasekare P, Chase JM, Hoopes MF, et al. The metacommunity concept: a framework for multi-scale community ecology. Ecol Lett. 2004;7:601–13.Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Levin LA, Baco AR, Bowden DA, Colaco A, Cordes EE, Cunha MR, et al. Hydrothermal vents and methane seeps: rethinking the sphere of influence. Front Mar Sci. 2016;3:1–23.Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Goffredi SK, Orphan VJ. Bacterial community shifts in taxa and diversity in response to localized organic loading in the deep sea. Environ Microbiol. 2010;12:344–63.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Smith CR, Baco-Taylor A. Ecology of whale falls at the deep-sea floor. Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review. London: Abredeen University Press; 2003.32.Smith C, Baco-Taylor A, Glover A. Faunal succession on replicate deep-sea whale falls: time scales and vent-seep affinities. Cah Biol Mar. 2002;43:293–7.
Google Scholar 
33.Grupe BM, Krach ML, Pasulka AL, Maloney JM, Levin LA, Frieder CA. Methane seep ecosystem functions and services from a recently discovered southern California seep. Mar Ecol. 2015;36:91–108.CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Harris PT. Shelf and deep-sea sedimentary environments and physical benthic disturbance regimes: a review and synthesis. Mar Geol. 2014;353:169–84.Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Damour M, Church R, Warren D, Horrell C, Hamdan LJ. Gulf of Mexico Shipwreck Corrosion, Hydrocarbon Exposure, Microbiology, and Archaeology (GOM-SCHEMA) Project: studying the effects of a major oil spill on submerged cultural resources. In 2015 Society for Historical Archaeology Annual Conference Proceedings; Seattle, WA: Society for Historical Archaeology; 2016. p. 51–61.36.BOEM. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Data Center BOEM; 2020. https://www.data.boem.gov/.37.BSEE. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE): Gulf of Mexico OCS Region Facts. New Orleans, Louisiana: Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement; 2020.38.Costello MJ, Tsai P, Wong PS, Cheung AKL, Basher Z, Chaudhary C. Marine biogeographic realms and species endemicity. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1057.Article 

Google Scholar  More

1.Nobel, P. S. Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology (Academic Press, 2005).
Google Scholar 
2.Hsiao, T. C. Plant responses to water stress. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 24, 519–570 (1973).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Schönherr, J. Resistance of plant surfaces to water loss : transport properties of cutin, suberin and associated lipids. In Encyclopedia Plant Physiology, NS Vol. 12B (eds Lange, O. L. et al.) 154–179 (Springer, 1982).
Google Scholar 
4.Lendzian, K. J. Gas permeability of plant cuticles: oxygen permeability. Planta 155, 310–315 (1982).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
5.Langenfeld-Heyser, R. Physiological functions of lenticels. In Trees—Contributions to Modern Tree Physiology (eds Rennenberg, H. et al.) 43–56 (Backhuys, 1997).
Google Scholar 
6.Riederer, M. & Schreiber, L. Protecting against water loss: analysis of the barrier properties of plant cuticles. J. Exp. Bot. 52, 2023–2032 (2001).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
7.Kerstiens, G. Parameterization, comparison, and validation of models quantifying relative change of cuticular permeability with physicochemical properties of diffusants. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 2525–2533 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
8.Schönherr, J. Characterization of aqueous pores in plant cuticles and permeation of ionic solutes. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 2471–2491 (2006).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
9.Groh, B., Hübner, C. & Lendzian, K. J. Water and oxygen permeance of phellems isolated from trees: the role of waxes and lenticels. Planta 215, 794–801 (2002).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
10.Lendzian, K. J. Survival strategies of plants during secondary growth: barrier properties of phellems and lenticels towards water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. J. Exp. Bot. 57, 2535–2546 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
11.Renault, H. et al. (2017) A phenol-enriched cuticle is ancestral to lignin evolution in land plants. Nat. Commun. 8, 14713 (2017).ADS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Haas, K. Phytochemische und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen zum Oberflächenwachs von Laubmoosen (Bryatae) (Grauer, 1999).
Google Scholar 
13.Clémençon, H., Emmett, V. & Emmett, E. E. Cytology and Plectology of the Hymenomycetes (J Cramer, 2012).
Google Scholar 
14.Moore, D., Gange, A. C., Gange, E. G. & Boddy, L. Fruit bodies: their production and development in relation to environment. In Ecology of Saprotrophic Basidiomycetes (eds Boddy, L. et al.) 79–103 (Elsevier Academic Press, 2008).
Google Scholar 
15.Halbwachs, H., Simmel, J. & Bässler, C. Tales and mysteries of fungal fruiting: how morphological and physiological traits affect a pileate lifestyle. Fungal Biol. Rev. 30, 36–61 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Sakamoto, Y. Influences of environmental factors on fruiting body induction, development and maturation in mushroom-forming fungi. Fungal Biol. Rev. 32, 236–248 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Straatsma, G., Ayer, F. & Egli, S. Species richness, abundance, and phenology of fungal fruit bodies over 21 years in a Swiss forest plot. Mycol. Res. 105(5), 515–523 (2001).Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Kües, U. & Liu, Y. Fruiting body production in basidiomycetes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 54, 141–152 (2000).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
19.Beluhan, S. & Ranogajec, A. Chemical composition and non-volatile components of Croatian wild edible mushrooms. Food Chem. 124, 1076–1082 (2011).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Beecher, T. M., Magan, N. & Burton, K. S. Water potentials and soluble carbohydrate concentrations in tissues of freshly harvested and stored mushrooms (Agaricusbisporus). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 22, 121–131 (2001).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
21.Bonnier G, Mangin L (1884) Recherches sur la respiration et la transpiration des champignons. Ann. Sc. Natur., sér. VI, t. XVII:210–30522.Moser, M. Transpirationsschutz bei höheren Pilzen. Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 42(4), 50–54 (1964).
Google Scholar 
23.Pieschel, E. Über die Transpiration und die Wasserversorgung der Hymenomyceten. Bot. Archiv. VIII, 64–104 (1924).
Google Scholar 
24.Seybold, A. Weitere Beiträge zur Transpirationsanalyse. IV. Über die Transpiration der Hutpilze. Planta 16, 518–525 (1932).Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Becker, M., Kerstiens, G. & Schönherr, J. Water permeability of plant cuticles: permeance, diffusion and partition coefficients. Trees 1, 54–60 (1986).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Schreiber, L. & Schönherr, J. Water and Solute Permeability of Plant Cuticles. Measurement and Data Analysis (Springer, 2009).
Google Scholar 
27.Schönherr, J. & Lendzian, K. J. A simple and inexpensive method of measuring water permeability of isolated plant cuticular membranes. Z Pflanzenphysiol 102, 321–327 (1981).Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Weast, R. C. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: Humidity Constant (CRC Press, 1983).
Google Scholar 
29.Riederer, M. & Schneider, G. Comparative study of the composition of waxes extracted from isolated leaf cuticules and from whole leaves of Citrus: evidence for selective extraction. Physiol. Plant 77, 373–384 (1989).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Lendzian, K. J. & Kerstiens, G. Sorption and transport of gases and vapors in plant cuticles. Rev. Environ. Cont. Tox. 121, 65–128 (1991).CAS 

Google Scholar 
31.Kerstiens, G., Federholzner, R. & Lendzian, K. J. Dry deposition and cuticular uptake of pollutant gases. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 42, 239–253 (1992).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Metzler, H. & Krause, B. Angewandte Statistik (Dt Verlag Wiss, 1983).
Google Scholar 
33.Baur, P. Lognormal distribution of water permeability and organic solute mobility in plant cuticles. Plant Cell Environ. 20, 167–177 (1997).ADS 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Stamets, P. Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms (Ten Speed Press, 1993).
Google Scholar 
35.Moser, M. Fungal growth and fructification under stress conditions. Ukrainian Botanical J. 50, 5–12 (1993).
Google Scholar 
36.Pinna, S., Gevry, M. F., Côté, M. & Sirois, L. Factors influencing fructification phenology of edible mushrooms in a boreal mixed forest of Eastern Canada. For. Ecol. Manag. 260(3), 294–301 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Buller, A. H. R. Researches on Fungi. II. Further Investigations Upon the Production and Liberation of Spores in Hymenomyctes (Hafner Publishing Co, 1922).
Google Scholar 
38.Kües, U. Life history and developmental processes in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64, 316–353 (2000).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Money, N. More g’s than the space shuttle: ballistospore discharge. Mycologia 90, 547–558 (1998).Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Husher, J. et al. Evaporative cooling of mushrooms. Mycologia 91, 351–352 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Dressaire, E., Yamada, L., Song, B. & Roper, M. Mushrooms use convectively created airflows to disperse their spores. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113, 2833–2838 (2016).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
42.De Groot, P. W., Schaap, P. J., Sonnenberg, A. S., Visser, J. & Van Griensven, L. J. The Agaricus bisporus hypAgene encodes a hydrophobin and specifically accumulates in peel tissue of mushroom caps during fruit body development. J. Mol. Biol. 257, 1008–1018 (1996).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
43.Wösten, H. A. B. & Wessels, J. G. H. The emergence of fruiting bodies in basidiomycetes. In Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality. The Mycota (A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research), Vol. 1 (eds. Kües, U. & Fischer, R.) (Springer, 2006).44.Itoh, Y. H., Sugai, A., Uda, I. & Itoh, T. The evolution of lipids. Adv. Space Res. 28, 719–724 (2001).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
45.Segré, D., Ben-Eli, D., Deamer, D. W. & Lancet, D. The lipid world. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 31, 119–145 (2001).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
46.Samson, R. A., Stalpers, J. A. & Verkerke, W. A simplified technique to prepare fungal specimens for scanning electronmicroscopy. Cytobios 24, 7–11 (1979).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar  More

1.Whyte, I. Studying elephant movements, in studying elephants, in African Wildl. Found. Tech. Ser. 7. African Wildl. Found. (ed Kangwana, K.) 75–89 (1996).2.Rasmussen, L. E. L. & Krishnamurthy, V. How chemical signals integrate Asian elephant society: The known and the unknown. Zoo Biol. 19, 405–423 (2000).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Nair, S., Balakrishnan, R., Seelamantula, C. S. & Sukumar, R. Vocalizations of wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus ): structural classification and social context. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 2768–2778 (2009).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
4.Stoeger, A. S. & Manger, P. Vocal learning in elephants: neural bases and adaptive context. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 28, 101–107 (2014).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Moss, C. J. & Poole, J. H. Relationships and social structure in African elephants. Primate Soc. Relationsh.: An Integr. Approach 315-325 (1983).
Google Scholar 
6.Foerder, P., Galloway, M., Barthel, T., Moore, D. E. & Reiss, D. Insightful problem solving in an asian elephant. PLoS ONE 6, e23251 (2011).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Lee, P. C. Allomothering among African elephant. Animal Behaviour 35, 278-291 (1987).8.Byrne, R. W., Bates, L. & Moss, C. J. Comparative cognition & behavior reviews. Elephant Cogn. 4, 65–79 (2009).
Google Scholar 
9.Bates, L. A., Poole, J. H. & Byrne, R. W. Elephant cognition. Curr. Biol. 18, 544–546 (2008).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
10.Vance, E. A., Archie, E. A. & Moss, C. J. Social networks in African elephants. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory 15, 273–293 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
11.de Silva, S. & Wittemyer, G. A comparison of social organization in Asian elephants and African savannah elephants. Int. J. Primatol. 33, 1125–1141 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Shoshani, J. Understanding proboscidean evolution: a formidable task. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13, 480–487 (1998).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
13.Rohland, N. et al. Proboscidean mitogenomics: chronology and mode of elephant evolution using mastodon as outgroup. PLoS Biol. 5, 1663–1671 (2007).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
14.de Flamingh, A. Genetic structure of the savannah elephant population (Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach 1797)) in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. ProQuest Diss. Theses 102 (2013).15.Grubb, P., Groves, C. P., Dudley, J. P. & Shoshani, J. Living African elephants belong to two species: Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) and Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900). Elephant 2, 1–4 (2000).Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Roca, A. L., Georgiadis, N., Pecon-Slattery, J. & O’Brien, S. J. Genetic evidence for two species of elephant in Africa. Science 293, 1473–1477 (2001).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
17.Roca, A. L. et al. Elephant natural history: a genomic perspective. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. 3, 139–167 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
18.Wasser, S. K. et al. Assigning African elephant DNA to geographic region of origin: applications to the ivory trade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101, 14847–14852 (2004).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Ishida, Y. et al. Distinguishing forest and savanna African elephants using short nuclear DNA sequences. J. Hered. 102, 610–616 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
20.Comstock, K. E. et al. Patterns of molecular genetic variation among African elephant populations. Mol. Ecol. 11, 2489–2498 (2002).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
21.Palkopoulou, E. et al. A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115, E2566–E2574 (2018).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Shoshani, J. & Eisenberg, J. F. Elephas maximus. Mamm. Species 182, 1–8 (1982).Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Sukumar, R. The Living Elephants (Oxford University Press, 2003).
Google Scholar 
24.Sukumar, R. A brief review of the status, distribution and biology of wild Asian elephants Elephas maximus. Int. Zoo Yearb. 40, 1–8 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Olivier, R. Distribution and status of the Asian elephant. Oryx 14(4), 379–424. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060530001601X (1978).Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Santiapillai, C. The Asian elephant conservation: a global strategy. Gajah 18, 21–39 (1997).
Google Scholar 
27.Sukumar, R. Ecology of the Asian elephant in Southern India. i. movement and habitat utilization patterns. J. Trop. Ecol. 5, 1–18 (1989).Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Vidya, T. N. C., Fernando, P., Melnick, D. J. & Sukumar, R. Population genetic structure and conservation of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) across India. Anim. Conserv. 8, 377–388 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Fleischer, R. C., Perry, E. A., Muralidharan, K., Stevens, E. E. & Wemmer, C. M. Phylogeography of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) based on mitochondrial DNA. Evolution (N. Y.) 55, 1882–1892 (2001).CAS 

Google Scholar 
30.Fernando, P., Pfrender, M. E., Encalada, S. E. & Lande, R. Mitochondrial DNA variation, phylogeography and population structure of the Asian elephant. Heredity (Edinb). 84, 362–372 (2000).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
31.Fernando, P. Elephants in Sri Lanka: past, present, and future. Loris 22, 38–44 (2000).
Google Scholar 
32.Hendavitharana, W., Dissanayake, S. & de Silva, M. The survey of elephants in Sri Lanka. Gajah 12, 1–30 (1994).
Google Scholar 
33.Eggert, L. S., Rasner, C. A. & Woodruff, D. S. The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers. Hungarian Q. 49, 1993–2006 (2008).
Google Scholar 
34.Ishida, Y., Georgiadis, N. J., Hondo, T. & Roca, A. L. Triangulating the provenance of African elephants using mitochondrial DNA. Evol. Appl. 6, 253–265 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
35.Liu, C. Z., Wang, L., Xia, X. J. & Jiang, J. Q. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of cape elephant shrew, Elephantulus edwardii. Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resour. 3, 738–739 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
36.Fernando, P. et al. DNA analysis indicates that Asian elephants are native to Borneo and are therefore a high priority for conservation. PLoS Biol. 1, 110–115 (2003).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Ahlering, M. A. et al. Genetic diversity, social structure, and conservation value of the elephants of the Nakai Plateau, Lao PDR, based on non-invasive sampling. Conserv. Genet. 12, 413–422 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Goossens, B. et al. Habitat fragmentation and genetic diversity in natural populations of the Bornean elephant: implications for conservation. BIOC 196, 80–92 (2016).
Google Scholar 
39.Shoshani, J., Golenberg, E. M. & Yang, H. Elephantidae phylogeny: Morphological versus molecular results. Acta Theriol. (Warsz) 43, 89–122 (1998).Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Vidya, T. N. C. & Sukumar, R. Amplification success and feasibility of using microsatellite loci amplified from dung to population genetic studies of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Curr. Sci. 88, 489–492 (2005).CAS 

Google Scholar 
41.Vidya, T. N. C., Varma, S., Dang, N. X., Van Thanh, T. & Sukumar, R. Minimum population size, genetic diversity, and social structure of the Asian elephant in Cat Tien National Park and its adjoining areas, Vietnam, based on molecular genetic analyses. Conserv. Genet. 8, 1471–1478 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Suwattana, D., Jirasupphachok, J., Kanchanapangka, S. & Koykul, W. Tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for molecular testing in Thai domestic elephants (Elephas maximus indicus). Thai J. Vet. Med. 40, 405–409 (2010).
Google Scholar 
43.Eggert, L. S. et al. Using genetic profiles of African forest elephants to infer population structure, movements, and habitat use in a conservation and development landscape in Gabon. Conserv. Biol. 28, 107–118 (2014).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
44.Kinuthia, J. et al. The selection of a standard STR panel for DNA profiling of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Kenya. Conserv. Genet. Resour. 7, 305–307 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Hedges, S. Monitoring elephant populations and assessing threats. Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India 259–292 (2012).46.Eggert, L. S., Ramakrishnan, U., Mundy, N. I. & Woodruff, D. S. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the African elephant (Loxondonta africana) and their use in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Mol. Ecol. 9, 2222–2224 (2000).Article 

Google Scholar 
47.Nyakaana, S., Arctander, P. & Siegismund, H. R. Population structure of the African savannah elephant inferred from mitochondrial control region sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci. Heredity (Edinb). 89, 90–98 (2002).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
48.Kongrit, C. et al. Isolation and characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Mol. Ecol. Resour. 8, 175–177 (2007).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
49.Fernando, P., Vidya, T. N. C. & Melnick, D. J. Isolation and characterization of tri- and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 8, 232–233 (2001).Article 

Google Scholar 
50.Archie, E. A., Moss, C. J. & Alberts, S. C. Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the African Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana africana). Mol. Ecol. Notes 3, 244–246 (2003).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
51.Lieckfeldt, D., Schmidt, A. & Pitra, C. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the great bustard, Otis tarda. Mol. Ecol. Notes 1, 133–134 (2001).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
52.Nyakaana, S., Okello, J. B. A., Muwanika, V. & Siegismund, H. R. Six new polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated and characterized from the African savannah elephant genome. Mol. Ecol. Notes 5, 223–225 (2005).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
53.Okello, J. B. A. et al. Population genetic structure of savannah elephants in Kenya: conservation and management implications. J. Hered. 99, 443–452 (2008).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
54.Nyakaana, S. & Arctander, P. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Mol. Ecol. 10, 1436–1437 (1998).
Google Scholar 
55.Comstock, K. E., Wasser, S. K. & Ostrander, E. A. Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci identified in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Mol. Ecol. 9, 1004–1006 (2000).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
56.Hartl, G. B., Hartl, K. F., Hemmer, W. & Nadlinger, K. Electrophoretic and chromosomal variation in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Zoo Biol. 14, 87–95 (1995).Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Bourgeois, S. et al. Single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery and panel characterization in the African forest elephant. Ecol. Evol. 8, 2207–2217 (2018).PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
58.Sharma, R. et al. Two different high throughput sequencing approaches identify thousands of De Novo genomic markers for the genetically depleted Bornean elephant. PLoS ONE 7, e49533 (2012).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
59.Reddy, P. C. et al. Comparative sequence analyses of genome and transcriptome reveal novel transcripts and variants in the Asian elephant Elephas maximus. J. Biosci. 40, 891–907 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
60.Mondol, S. et al. New evidence for hybrid zones of forest and savanna elephants in Central and West Africa. Mol. Ecol. 24, 6134–6147 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
61.Hou, Z. C. et al. Elephant transcriptome provides insights into the evolution of eutherian placentation. Genome Biol. Evol. 4, 713–725 (2012).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
62.Tollis, M. et al. Elephant Genomes Reveal Insights into Differences in Disease Defense Mechanisms between Species. bioRxiv 2020.05.29.124396 (2020).63.Rohland, N. et al. Genomic DNA sequences from mastodon and woolly mammoth reveal deep speciation of forest and savanna elephants. PLoS Biol. 8, 16–19 (2010).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
64.Lynch, V. J. et al. Elephantid genomes reveal the molecular bases of woolly mammoth adaptations to the Arctic. Cell Rep. 12, 217–228 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
65.Yang, H., Golenberg, E. M. & Shoshani, J. Phylogenetic resolution within the elephantidae using fossil DNA sequence from the American mastodon (Mammut americanum) as an outgroup. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 1190–1194 (1996).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
66.Orlando, L., Hänni, C. & Douady, C. J. Mammoth and elephant phylogenetic relationships: Mammut americanum, the missing outgroup. Evol. Bioinforma. 3, 45–51 (2007).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
67.Eggert, L. S., Eggert, J. A. & Woodruff, D. S. Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana. Mol. Ecol. 12, 1389–1402 (2003).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
68.Vidya, T. N. C. Evolutionary history and population genetic structure of Asian elephants in India. Indian J. Hist. Sci. 51, 391–405 (2016).
Google Scholar 
69.Schuttler, S. G., Whittaker, A., Jeffery, K. J. & Eggert, L. S. African forest elephant social networks: fission-fusion dynamics, but fewer associations. Endanger. Species Res. 25, 165–173 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
70.Ahlering, M. A. et al. Identifying source populations and genetic structure for savannah elephants in human-dominated landscapes and protected areas in the Kenya-Tanzania borderlands. PLoS ONE 7, e52288 (2012).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
71.Vidya, T. N. C., Fernando, P., Melnick, D. J. & Sukumar, R. Population differentiation within and among Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) populations in southern India. Heredity (Edinb). 94, 71–80 (2005).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
72.Sukumar, R., Ramakrishnan, U. & Santosh, J. A. Impact of poaching on an Asian elephant population in Periyar, southern India: a model of demography and tusk harvest. Anim. Conserv. 1, 281–291 (1998).Article 

Google Scholar 
73.Mondol, S., Mailand, C. R. & Wasser, S. K. Male biased sex ratio of poached elephants is negatively related to poaching intensity over time. Conserv. Genet. 15, 1259–1263 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
74.Breuer, T., Maisels, F. & Fishlock, V. The consequences of poaching and anthropogenic change for forest elephants. Conserv. Biol. 30, 1019–1026 (2016).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
75.Mailand, C. & Wasser, S. K. Isolation of DNA from small amounts of elephant ivory. Nat. Protoc. 2, 2228–2232 (2007).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
76.Lee, E. et al. The identification of elephant ivory evidences of illegal trade with mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and hypervariable D-loop region. J. Forensic Leg. Med. 20, 174–178 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
77.Chakraborty, S., Boominathan, D., Desai, A. A. & Vidya, T. N. C. Using genetic analysis to estimate population size, sex ratio, and social organization in an Asian elephant population in conflict with humans in Alur, southern India. Conserv. Genet. 15, 897–907 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
78.Fernando, P. & Pastorini, J. Range-wide status of Asian elephants. Gajah 35, 15–20 (2011).
Google Scholar 
79.Ishida, Y., Gugala, N. A., Georgiadis, N. J. & Roca, A. L. Evolutionary and demographic processes shaping geographic patterns of genetic diversity in a keystone species, the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis). Ecol. Evol. 8, 4919–4931 (2018).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
80.Kongrit, C. Genetic tools for the conservation of wild Asian elephants. Int. J. Biol. 9, 1 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
81.McComb, K., Shannon, G., Sayialel, K. N. & Moss, C. Elephants can determine ethnicity, gender, and age from acoustic cues in human voices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111, 5433–5438 (2014).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
82.Prithiviraj, F. & Melnick, D. J. Molecular sexing eutherina mammals. Mol. Ecol. Notes 1, 350–353 (2001).Article 

Google Scholar 
83.Vandebona, H. et al. DNA fingerprints of the Asian elephant in Sri Lanka, Elephas maximus maximus, using multilocus probe 33.15 (Jeffreys). J. Natl. Sci. Found. Sri Lanka 32, 83–96 (2004).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
84.Gugala, N. A., Ishida, Y., Georgiadis, N. J. & Roca, A. L. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in the African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis). BMC Res. Notes 9, 4–9 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
85.Zhang, L. et al. Asian elephants in China: estimating population size and evaluating habitat suitability. PLoS ONE 10, 1–13 (2015).
Google Scholar 
86.Vartia, S. et al. A novel method of microsatellite genotyping-by-sequencing using individual combinatorial barcoding. R. Soc. Open Sci. 3, 150565 (2016).ADS 
MathSciNet 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
87.Tighe, A. J. et al. Testing PCR amplification from elephant dung using silica-dried swabs. Pachyderm 59, 56–65 (2018).
Google Scholar 
88.Bourgeois, S. et al. Improving cost-efficiency of faecal genotyping: new tools for elephant species. PLoS ONE 14, e0210811 (2019).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
89.Hedges, S., Johnson, A., Ahlering, M., Tyson, M. & Eggert, L. S. Accuracy, precision, and cost-effectiveness of conventional dung density and fecal DNA based survey methods to estimate Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population size and structure. Biol. Conserv. 159, 101–108 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
90.Moßbrucker, A. M. et al. Non-invasive genotyping of Sumatran elephants : implications for conservation The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is one of three currently recognized subspecies. Trop. Conserv. Sci. 8, 745–759 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
91.Ishida, Y. et al. Short amplicon microsatellite markers for low quality elephant DNA. Conserv. Genet. Resour. 4, 491–494 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
92.Thitaram, C. et al. Evaluation and selection of microsatellite markers for an identification and parentage test of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Conserv. Genet. 9, 921–925 (2008).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
93.Lorenz, T. C. Polymerase chain reaction: basic protocol plus troubleshooting and optimization strategies. J. Vis. Exp. 2, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3791/3998 (2012).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
94.Litt, M. & Luty, J. A. Hypervariable amplification. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44, 397–401 (1989).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
95.Park, Y. J., Lee, J. K. & Kim, N. S. Simple sequence repeat polymorphisms (SSRPs) for evaluation of molecular diversity and germplasm classification of minor crops. Molecules 14, 4546–4569 (2009).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
96.Vieira, M. L. C., Santini, L., Diniz, A. L. & Munhoz, C. D. F. Microsatellite markers: what they mean and why they are so useful. Genet. Mol. Biol. 39, 312–328 (2016).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
97.Stafne, E. T., Clark, J. R., Weber, C. A., Graham, J. & Lewers, K. S. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for genetic mapping of raspberry and blackberry. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 130, 722–728 (2005).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
98.Tommasini, L. et al. The development of multiplex simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to complement distinctness, uniformity and stability testing of rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106, 1091–1101 (2003).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
99.Norrgard, K. Forensics, DNA Fingerprinting, and CODIS. Nat. Educ. 1, 35 (2008).
Google Scholar 
100.Maroju, P. A. et al. Schrodinger’s scat: A critical review of the currently available tiger (Panthera Tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus) specific primers in India, and a novel leopard specific primer. BMC Genet. 17, 1–6 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
101.Waits, L. P. & Pearkau, D. Noninvasive genetic sampling tools for wildlife biologists: a review of applications and recommendations for accurate data collection. J. Wildl. Manag. 69, 1419–1433 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
102.Baird, N. A. et al. Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers. PLoS ONE 3, 1–7 (2008).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
103.Miller, M. R., Dunham, J. P., Amores, A., Cresko, W. A. & Johnson, E. A. Rapid and cost-effective polymorphism identification and genotyping using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers. Genome Res. 17, 240–248 (2007).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
104.Delord, C. et al. A cost-and-time effective procedure to develop SNP markers for multiple species: a support for community genetics. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9, 1959–1974 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
105.Magwanga, R. O. et al. GBS mapping and analysis of genes conserved between Gossypium tomentosum and Gossypium hirsutum cotton cultivars that respond to drought stress at the seedling stage of the BC2F2generation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 1614 (2018).PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
106.Elshire, R. J. et al. A robust, simple genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for high diversity species. PLoS ONE 6, 1–10 (2011).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
107.Chandrasekara, C. H. W. M. R. B., Wijesundera, W. S. S., Perera, H. N., Chong, S. S. & Rajan-Babu, I. S. Cascade screening for fragile X syndrome/CGG repeat expansions in children attending special education in Sri Lanka. PLoS ONE 10, 1–10 (2015).
Google Scholar 
108.Felsenstein, J. 2002. {PHYLIP}(Phylogen. I. P. ver. 3. 6a3.—P. by the author. PHYLIP(Phylogeny Inference Package) ver. 3.6a3. (2002).109.Nei, M. & Li, W. H. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76, 5269–5273 (1979).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
MATH 
Article 

Google Scholar 
110.Rambaut, A. FigTree ver.1. 3.1: tree figure drawing tool. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree. (2009). More

1.Stearns, S. C. The Evolution of Life Histories (Oxford University Press, 1992).
Google Scholar 
2.Caughley, G. & Sinclair, A. R. E. Wildlife Ecology and Management (Blackwell Science, 1994).
Google Scholar 
3.Servanty, S. et al. Influence of harvesting pressure on demographic tactics: Implications for wildlife management. J. Appl. Ecol. 48(4), 835–843 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Marboutin, E., Bray, Y., Péroux, R., Mauvy, B. & Lartiges, A. Population dynamics in European hare: Breeding parameters and sustainable harvest rates. J. Appl. Ecol. 40(3), 580–591 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Stoneberg, R. P. & Jonkel, C. L. Age determination of black bears by cementum layers. J. Wildlife Manage. 30(2), 411–414 (1966).Article 

Google Scholar 
6.Roth, V. L. & Shoshani, J. Dental identification and age determination in Elephas maximus. J. Zool. 214, 567–588 (1988).Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Dutta, S. & Sengupta, P. Men and mice: Relating their ages. Life Sci. 152, 244–248 (2016).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
8.Dimmick, R. W. & Pelton, M. R. Criteria of sex and age. In Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats 5th edn, (ed. Bookhout, T.
A.) 169–214 (The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, MA, US, 1994).
Google Scholar 
9.Morris, P. A review of mammalian age determination methods. Mamm. Rev. 2, 69–103 (1972).Article 

Google Scholar 
10.Augusteyn, R. C. On the relationship between rabbit age and lens dry weight: Improved determination of the age of rabbits in the wild. Mol. Vis. 13, 2030–2034 (2007).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
11.Augusteyn, R. C. Growth of the lens: In vitro observations. Clin. Exp. Optom. 91(3), 226–239 (2008).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
12.Augusteyn, R. C. Growth of the eye lens: I. Weight accumulation in multiple species. Mol. Vis. 20, 410–426 (2014).PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
13.Lord, D. R. The lens as an indicator of age in cottontail rabbits. J. Wildl. Manage. 23, 358–360 (1959).Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Forsyth, D. M., Garel, M. & McLeod, S. R. Estimating age and age class of harvested hog deer from eye lens mass using frequentist and Bayesian methods. Wildlife biol. 22(4), 137–143 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
15.Dudzinski, M. L. & Mykytowycz, R. The eye lens as an indicator of age in the wild rabbit in Australia. CSIRO Wildl. Res. 6, 156–159 (1961).Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Myers, K. & Gilbert, N. Determination of age of wild rabbits in Australia. J. Wildl. Manage. 32, 841–849 (1968).Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Wheeler, S. H. & King, D. R. The use of eye-lens weights for aging wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) in Australia. Aust. Wildl. Res. 7, 79–84 (1980).Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Tablado, Z., Revilla, E. & Palomares, F. Breeding like rabbits: Global patterns of variability and determinants of European wild rabbit reproduction. Ecography 32, 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2008.05532.x (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Ferreira, C. et al. Biometrical analysis reveals major differences between the two subspecies of the European rabbit. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 116, 106–116 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Branco, M., Monnerot, M., Ferrand, N. & Templeton, A. R. Postglacial dispersal of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on the Iberian Peninsula reconstructed from nested clade and mismatch analyses of mitochondrial DNA genetic variation. Evolution 56, 792–803. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01390.x (2002).Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
21.Gómez, A. & Lunt, D. H. Refugia within refugia: Patterns of phylogeographic concordance in the Iberian Peninsula. In Phylogeography in Southern European Refugia (eds Weiss, S. & Ferrand, N.) 155–188 (Springer, 2006).
Google Scholar 
22.Geraldes, A. et al. Reduced introgression of the Y chromosome between subspecies of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Iberian Peninsula. Mol. Ecol. 17, 4489–4499 (2008).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
23.Carneiro, M., Ferrand, N. & Nachman, M. W. Recombination and speciation: Loci near centromeres are more differentiated than loci near telomeres between subspecies of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Genetics 181, 593–606 (2009).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
24.Rafati, N. et al. A genomic map of clinal variation across the European rabbit hybrid zone. Mol. Ecol. 27, 1457–1478. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14494 (2018).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
25.Vaquerizas, P. H. et al. The paradox of endangered European rabbits regarded as pests in the Iberian Peninsula: Subspecies differences in trends matter. Endang. Species Res. 43, 99–102 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Arques, J. & Peiró, V. Estructura de Sexos y Edades de una población de Conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) del sudeste de España. Mediterránea. Serie de Estudios Biológicos 18, 1–33 (2005).
Google Scholar 
27.Trout, R. C. & Smith, G. C. The reproductive productivity of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in southern England on sites with different soils. J. Zool. 237(3), 411–422 (1995).Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Boussès, P., Arthur, C. & Chapuis, J. L. Rôle du facteur trophique sur la biologie des populations de lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) des Iles Kerguelen. Revue d’écologie 43, 329–343 (1988).
Google Scholar 
29.Bonino, N. & Donadio, E. Body parameters and sexual dimorphism in the European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) introduced in Argentina. Mastozool. Neotrop. 17(1), 123–127 (2010).
Google Scholar 
30.Carneiro, M. et al. Rabbit genome analysis reveals a polygenic basic for phenotypic change during domestication. Science 345(6200), 1074–1079 (2014).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Myers, K. The rabbit in Australia. In Dynamics of Numbers in Populations (eds den Boer, P. J. & Gradwell, G. R.) 478–506 (Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute Oosterbeek, 1970).
Google Scholar 
32.Delibes-Mateos, M., Villafuerte, R., Cooke, B. & Alves, P. C. Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758). In Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits and Hares of the World (eds Smith, A. T. et al.) 99–104 (John Hopkins University Press, 2018).
Google Scholar 
33.Carneiro, M. et al. The genomic architecture of population divergence between subspecies of the European rabbit. PLoS. Genet. 10(8), e1003519. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003519 (2014).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
34.Bonino, N. & Soriguer, R. Genetic lineages of feral populations of the Oryctolagus cuniculus (Leporidae, Lagomorpha) in Argentina. Mammalia 72, 355–357 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Branco, M. & Ferrand, N. Biochemical and population genetics of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, carbonic anhydrases I and II, from the Iberian Peninsula and France. Biochem. Genet. 41, 391–404. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BIGI.0000007774.39262.8e (2003).CAS 
Article 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
36.Geraldes, A., Ferrand, N. & Nachman, M. W. Contrasting patterns of introgression at X-linked loci across the hybrid zone between subspecies of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Genetics 173, 919–933 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Lo Valvo, M., Scala, A. & Scalisi, M. Biometric characterization and taxonomic considerations of European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus 1758) in Sicily (Italy). World Rabbit Sci. 22(3), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2014.1467 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Miller, G. S. Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe in the Collection of the British Museum (Trustees of the British Museum, 1912).
Google Scholar 
39.Sharples, C. M., Fa, J. E. & Bell, D. J. Geographical variation in size in the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) in western Europe and North Africa. Zool. J. Linn. Soc-Lond. 117, 141–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb02153.x (1996).Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Carro, F., Ortega, M. & Soriguer, R. C. Is restocking a useful tool for increasing rabbit densities?. Global Ecol. Conserv. 17, e00560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00560 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Angulo, E. & Villafuerte, R. Modelling hunting strategies for the conservation of wild rabbit populations. Biol. Conserv. 115, 291–301 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Delibes-Mateos, M., Delibes, M., Ferreras, P. & Villafuerte, R. Key role of European rabbits in the conservation of the Western Mediterranean Basin Hotspot. Conserv. Biol. 22, 1106–1117 (2008).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
43.Garrido, J. L., Ferreres, J. & Gortázar, C. Las especies cinegéticas españolas en el siglo XXI. (eds. Garrido, J. L., Ferreres, J. & Gortázar, C.)
(Independently published, Ciudad Real, Spain, 2019).
Google Scholar 
44.Ríos-Saldaña, C. et al. Control of the European rabbit in central Spain. Eur. J. Wildlife Res. 59, 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0707-x (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Lees, A. C. & Bell, D. J. A conservation paradox for the 21st century: The European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, an invasive alien and an endangered native species. Mammal Rev. 38, 304–320 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
46.Cooke, B. D. Rabbits: Manageable environmental pests or participants in new Australian ecosystems?. Wildlife Res. 39, 279–289 (2013).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
47.Calvete, C., Angulo, E. & Estrada, R. Conservation of European wild rabbit populations when hunting is age and sex selective. Biol. Conserv. 121(4), 623–634 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
48.Delibes-Mateos, M., Ramírez, E., Ferreras, P. & Villafuerte, R. Translocations as a risk for the conservation of European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus lineages. Oryx 42(2), 259–264 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
49.Andersen, J. & Jensen, B. Studies on the European hare. XXVIII. The weight of the eye lens in the European hares of known age. Acta Theriol. 17, 87–92 (1972).Article 

Google Scholar 
50.Suchentrunck, F., Willing, R. & Hartl, G. B. On eye lens weights and other age criteria of the Brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778). Z. Säugetierkd. 56, 365–374 (1991).
Google Scholar 
51.Villafuerte, R. et al. Large-scale assessment of myxomatosis prevalence in European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 60 years after first outbreak in Spain. Res. Vet. Sci. 114, 281–286 (2017).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
52.Rouco, C., Villafuerte, R., Castro, F. & Ferreras, P. Effect of artificial warren size on a restocked European wild rabbit population. Anim. Conserv. 14, 117–123 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
53.Southern, N. The ecology and population dynamics of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Ann. Appl. Biol. 27, 509–514 (1940).Article 

Google Scholar 
54.Dunnet, G. M. Growth rate of young rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.). CSIRO Wildl. Res. 1, 66–67 (1956).Article 

Google Scholar 
55.Ferreira, A. & Ferreira, A. J. Post-weaning growth of endemic Iberian wild rabbit subspecies, Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus, kept in a semi-extensive enclosure: Implications for management and conservation. World Rabbit Sci. 22, 129–136. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2014.1673 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
56.R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ (Vienna,
Austria, 2020).
Google Scholar 
57.du Sert, N. P. et al. Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. PLoS Biol. 18(7), e3000411. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000411 (2020).MathSciNet 
CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
58.Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. Monte Carlo insights and extended examples. In Model Selection and Multimodel Inference, (eds. Burnham K. P. &
Anderson D. R.) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22456-5_5). (Springer, New York, NY, US, 2002).59.Pastore, M. Overlapping: A R package for estimating overlapping in empirical distributions. J. Open Source Softw. 32, 1023 (2018).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
60.Pastore, M. & Calcagnì, A. Measuring distribution similarities between samples: A distribution-free overlapping Index. Front. Psychol. 10, 1089 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01089 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
61.Williams, C. & Moore, R. Phenotypic adaptation and natural selection in the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Australia. J. Anim. Ecol. 58(2), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.2307/4844 (1989).Article 

Google Scholar  More

1.Fernández-Brime, S., Muggia, L., Maier, S., Grube, M. & Wedin, M. Bacterial communities in an optional lichen symbiosis are determined by substrate, not algal photobionts. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 95, fiz012 (2019).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
2.Grube, M. et al. Exploring functional contexts of symbiotic sustain within lichen-associated bacteria by comparative omics. ISME J. 9, 412–424 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Spribille, T. et al. Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens. Science 353, 488–492 (2016).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Peksa, O. & Škaloud, P. Do photobionts influence the ecology of lichens? A case study of environmental preferences in symbiotic green alga Asterochloris (Trebouxiophyceae). Mol. Ecol. 20, 3936–3948 (2011).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Řídká, T., Peksa, O., Rai, H., Upreti, D. K. & Škaloud, P. Photobiont diversity in Indian Cladonialichens, with special emphasis on the geographical patterns. In Terricolous Lichens in India, Volume 1: Diversity Patterns and Distribution Ecology (eds Rai, H. & Upreti, D. K.) 53–71 (Springer, New York, 2014).
Google Scholar 
6.Rolshausen, G. et al. Expanding the mutualistic niche: Parallel symbiont turnover along climatic gradients. Proc. R. Soc. B 287, 1924 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Kosecka, M. et al. Trentepohlialean algae (Trentepohliales, Ulvophyceae) show preference to selected mycobiont lineages in lichen symbioses. J. Phycol. 56, 979–993 (2020).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Muggia, L., Pérez-Ortega, S., Kopun, T., Zellnig, G. & Grube, M. Photobiont selectivity leads to ecological tolerance and evolutionary divergence in a polymorphic complex of lichenized fungi. Ann. Bot. 114, 463–475 (2014).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
9.Vančurová, L., Muggia, L., Peksa, O., Řídká, T. & Škaloud, P. The complexity of symbiotic interactions influences the ecological amplitude of the host: A case study in Stereocaulon (lichenized Ascomycota). Mol. Ecol. 27, 3016–3033 (2018).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
10.Beck, A., Kasalicky, T. & Rambold, G. Myco-photobiontal selection in a Mediterranean cryptogam community with Fulgensia fulgida. New Phytol. 153, 317–326 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
11.Nelsen, M. P. & Gargas, A. Actin type intron sequences increase phylogenetic resolution: An example from Asterochloris (Chlorophyta: Trebouxiophyceae). Lichenologist 38, 435–440 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Nelsen, M. P. & Gargas, A. Dissociation and horizontal transmission of co-dispersed lichen symbionts in the genus Lepraria (Lecanorales: Stereocaulaceae). New Phytol. 177, 264–275 (2008).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
13.Škaloud, P. & Peksa, O. Evolutionary inferences based on ITS rDNA and actin sequences reveal extensive diversity of the common lichen alga Asterochloris. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 54, 36–46 (2010).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
14.Škaloud, P., Steinová, J., Řídká, T., Vančurová, L. & Peksa, O. Assembling the challenging puzzle of algal biodiversity: Species delimitation within the genus Asterochloris (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). J. Phycol. 51, 507–527 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
15.Steinová, J., Škaloud, P., Yahr, R., Bestová, H. & Muggia, L. Reproductive and dispersal strategies shape the diversity of mycobiont-photobiont association in Cladonia lichens. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 134, 226–237 (2019).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
16.Vančurová, L., Peksa, O., Němcová, Y. & Škaloud, P. Vulcanochloris (Trebouxiales, Trebouxiophyceae), a new genus of lichen photobiont from La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Phytotaxa 219, 118–132 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Vančurová, L. et al. Symbiosis between river and dry lands: Phycobiont dynamics on river gravel bars. Algal Res. 51, 102062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2020.102062 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Yahr, R., Vilgalys, R. & Depriest, P. T. Strong fungal specificity and selectivity for algal symbionts in Florida scrub Cladonia lichens. Mol. Ecol. 13, 3367–3378 (2004).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Tschermak-Woess, E. Asterochloris phycobiontica gen. et spec. nov., der Phycobiont der Flechte Varicellaria carneonivea. Plant Syst. Evol. 135, 279–294 (1980).Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Moya, P. et al. Molecular phylogeny and ultrastructure of the lichen microalga Asterochloris mediterranea sp. Nov. from Mediterranean and Canary Islands ecosystems. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 65(6), 1838–1854 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
21.Kim, J. I. et al. Asterochloris sejongensis sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) from King George Island, Antarctica. Phytotaxa 295, 60–70 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Kim, J. I. et al. Taxonomic study of three new Antarctic Asterochloris(Trebouxio-phyceae) based on morphological and molecular data. Korean Soc. Phycol. 35(1), 17–32 (2020).CAS 

Google Scholar 
23.Pino-Bodas, R. & Stenroos, S. Global biodiversity patterns of the photobionts associated with the genus Cladonia (Lecanorales, Ascomycota). Microb. Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01633-3 (2020).Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
24.Fernandez-Mendoza, F. et al. Population structure of mycobionts and photobionts of the widespread lichen Cetraria aculeata. Mol. Ecol. 20, 1208–1232 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Helms, G. Taxonomy and symbiosis in associations of Physciaceae and Trebouxia. Göttingen, Doctoral thesis. Germany: Georg-August Universität Göttingen (2003).26.Kroken, S. & Taylor, J. W. Phylogenetic species, reproductive mode, and specificity of the green alga Trebouxia forming lichens with the fungal genus Letharia. Bryologist 103, 645–660 (2000).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Leavitt, S. D. et al. Fungal specificity and selectivity for algae play a major role in determining lichen partnerships across diverse ecogeographic regions in the lichen- forming family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota). Mol. Ecol. 24, 3779–3797 (2015).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Magain, N., Miadlikowska, J., Goffinet, B., Sérusiaux, E. & Lutzoni, F. Macroevolution of Specificity in Cyanolichens of the Genus Peltigera Section Polydactylon (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). Syst. Biol. 66, 74–99 (2016).
Google Scholar 
29.Mark, K. et al. Contrasting cooccurrence patterns of photobiont and cystobasidiomycete yeast associated with common epiphytic lichen species. New Phytol. 227, 1362–1375 (2020).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
30.O’Brien, H. E., Miadlikowska, J. & Lutzoni, F. Assessing population structure and host specialization in lichenized cyanobacteria. New Phytol. 198, 557–566 (2013).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Piercey-Normore, M. D. & DePriest, P. T. Algal switching among lichen symbionts. Am. J. Bot. 88, 1490–1498 (2001).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Yahr, R., Vilgalys, R. & DePriest, P. T. Geographic variation in algal partners of Cladonia subtenuis (Cladoniaceae) highlights the dynamic nature of a lichen symbiosis. New Phytol. 171, 847–860 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
33.Muggia, L. et al. The symbiotic playground of lichen thalli—A highly flexible photobiont association in rock inhabiting lichens. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 85, 313–323 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Sadowska-Deś, A. D. et al. Integrating coalescent and phylogenetic approaches to delimit species in the lichen photobiont Trebouxia. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 76, 202–210 (2014).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Wirtz, N. et al. Lichen fungi have low cyanobiont selectivity in maritime Antarctica. New Phytol. 160, 177–183 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
36.Ertz, D., Guzow-Krzemińska, B., Thor, G., Łubek, A. & Kukwa, M. Photobiont switching causes changes in the reproduction strategy and phenotypic dimorphism in the Arthoniomycetes. Sci Rep. 8, 4952 (2018).ADS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
37.Marshall, W. A. & Chalmers, M. O. Airborne dispersal of Antarctic terrestrial algae and cyanobacteria. Ecography 20, 585–594 (1997).Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Printzen, C., Domaschke, S., Fernandez-Mendoza, F. & Perez-Ortega, S. Biogeography and ecology of Cetraria aculeata, a widely distributed lichen with a bipolar distribution. MycoKeys 6, 33–53 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Pardo-De la Hoz, C. J. et al. Contrasting symbiotic patterns in two closely related lineages of trimembered lichens of the genus Peltigera. Front. Microbiol. 9, 2770–2770 (2018).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Singh, G. et al. Fungal–algal association patterns in lichen symbiosis linked to macroclimate. New Phytol. 214, 317–329 (2017).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
41.Cordeiro, L. M. C. et al. Molecular studies of photobionts of selected lichens from the coastal vegetation of Brazil. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 54, 381–390 (2005).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Pullaiah, T. (ed.) (2019) Biodiversity in Bolivia in: Global Biodiversity Volume 4: Selected Countries in the Americas and Australia, Chapter 1. 1–574 (Apple Academic Press, 2001).43.Ibisch, P. L. & Mérida, G. Biodiversity: the richness of Bolivia. State of knowledge and conservation. 1–638 (Ministry of Sustainable Development, Editorial FAN, 2004).44.Werth, S. & Sork, V. L. Ecological specialization in Trebouxia (Trebouxiophyceae) photobionts of Ramalina menziesii (Ramalinaceae) across six range-covering ecoregions of western North America. Am. J. Bot. 101, 1127–1140 (2014).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Rolshausen, G., Dal Grande, F., Sadowska-Deś, A. D., Otte, J. & Schmitt, I. Quantifying the climatic niche of symbiont partners in a lichen symbiosis indicates mutualistmediated niche expansions. Ecography 41, 1380–1392 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
46.Blaha, J., Baloch, E. & Grube, M. High photobiont diversity insymbioses of the euryoecious lichen Lecanora rupicola (Lecanoraceae, Ascomycota). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 88, 283–293 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
47.Vargas Castillo, R. & Beck, A. Photobiont selectivity and specificity in Caloplaca species in a fog-induced community in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Fungal Biol. 116, 665–676 (2012).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
48.Bačkor, M., Klemová, K., Bačkorová, M. & Ivanova, V. Comparison of the phytotoxic effects of usnic acid on cultures of free-living alga Scenedesmus quadricauda and aposymbiotically grown lichen photobiont Trebouxia erici. J. Chem. Ecol. 36, 405–411 (2010).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
49.Galloway, D. J. Lichen biogeography. In: Nash T. H. (ed.) Lichen Biology, 315–335 (Cambridge University Press, 2008).50.Dal Grande, F. et al. Environment and host identity structure communities of green algal symbionts in lichens. New Phytol. 217, 277–289 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
51.Dal Grande, F., Widmer, I., Wagner, H. H. & Scheidegger, C. Vertical and horizontal photobiont transmission within populations of a lichen symbiosis. Mol. Ecol. 21, 3159–3172 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
52.Otálora, M. A. G. et al. Multiple origins of high reciprocal symbiotic specificity at an intercontinental spatial scale among gelatinous lichens (Collemataceae, Lecanoromycetes). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 56, 1089–1095 (2010).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
53.Ruprecht, U., Fernández-Mendoza, F., Türk, R. & Fryday, A. High levels of endemism and local differentiation in the fungal and algal symbionts of saxicolous lecideoid lichens along a latitudinal gradient in southern South America. Lichenologist 52, 287–303 (2020).PubMed Central 
Article 
PubMed 

Google Scholar 
54.Ahti, T., Cladoniaceae in Flora Neotropica Monograph 78. 2–362 (New York Botanical Garden Press, 2000).55.Parnmen, S., Leavitt, S. D., Rangsiruji, A. & Lumbsch, H. T. Identification of species in the Cladia aggregata group using DNA barcoding (Ascomycota: Lecanorales). Phytotaxa 115, 1–14 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
56.Guzow-Krzemińska, B. et al. New species and records of lichens from Bolivia. Phytotaxa 397, 257–279 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Sipman, H. J. M. Survey of Lepraria species with lobed thallus margins in the tropics. Herzogia 17, 23–35 (2004).
Google Scholar 
58.Saag, L., Saag, A. & Randlane, T. World survey of the genus Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). Lichenologist 41, 25–60 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
59.Guzow-Krzemińska, B. et al. Phylogenetic placement of Lepraria cryptovouauxii sp. nov. (Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) with notes on other Lepraria species from South America. MycoKeys 53, 1–22 (2019).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
60.Orange, A., James, P. W. & White, F. J. Microchemical Methods for the Identification of Lichens. 1–101 (British Lichen Society, 2001).61.Cubero, O. F., Crespo, A., Fatehi, J. & Bridge, P. D. DNA extraction and PCR amplification method suitable for fresh, herbarium-stored, lichenized, and other fungi. Plant Syst. Evol. 216, 243–249 (1999).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
62.White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics in PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (eds Innis, M. A., Gelfand, D. H., Sninsky, J. J. & White, T. J.) 345–322 (Academic Press, 1990).63.Sherwood, A. R., Garbary, D. J. & Sheath, R. G. Assessing the phylogenetic position of the Prasiolales (Chlorophyta) using rbcL and 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Phycologia 39, 139–146 (2000).Article 

Google Scholar 
64.Nelsen, M. P., Rivas Plata, E., Andrew, C. J., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, H. T. Phylogenetic diversity of trentepohlialean algae associated with lichen-forming fungi. J. Phycol. 47, 282–290 (2011).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
65.Widmer, I., Dal Grande, F., Cornejo, C. & Scheidegger, C. Highly variable microsatellite markers for the fungal and algal symbionts of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria and challenges in developing biont-specific molecular markers for fungal associations. Fungal Biol. 114, 538–544 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
66.Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215, 403–410 (1990).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
67.Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. MAFFT: A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 3059–3066 (2002).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
68.Okonechnikov, K., Golosova, O. & Fursov, M. UGENE team. Unipro GENE: A unified bioinformatics toolkit. Bioinformatics 28, 1166–1167 (2012).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
69.Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Ronquist, F. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17, 754–755 (2001).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
70.Stamatakis, A. RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30, 1312–1313 (2014).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
71.Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. Terrace aware data structure for phylogenomic inference from supermatrices. Syst. Biol. 65, 997–1008 (2016).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
72.Nguyen, L. T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B. Q. IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32, 268–274 (2015).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
73.Miller, M. A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE): 1–8 (2010).74.Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P. B., Wright, A. M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. PartitionFinder 2: New methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Mol. Biol. Evol. 34, 772–773 (2016).
Google Scholar 
75.Rambaut, A. FigTreev1.4.2. Retrieved from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (2006–2014).76.Oksanen, et al., vegan: Community ecology package manual. Retrieved from https://cran.rproject.org/package=vegan (2017).77.Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. WorldClim 2: New 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 4302–4315 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
78.Borcard, D., Legendre, P., Avois-Jacquet, C. & Tuomisto, H. Dissecting the spatial structure of ecological data at multiple scales. Ecology 85, 1826–1832 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
79.Lefeuvre, P. BoSSA: A bunch of structure and sequence analysis manual. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/package=BoSSA (2018).80.McArdle, B. H. & Anderson, M. J. Fitting multivariate models to community data: A comment on distance-based redundancy analysis. Ecology 82, 290–297 (2001).Article 

Google Scholar 
81.Stenroos, S., Pino-Bodas, R., Hyvönen, J., Lumbsch, T. H. & Ahti, T. Phylogeny of family Cladoniaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) based on sequences of multiple loci. Cladistics 35, 351–384 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
82.R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.83.https://www.R-project.org/ (2017).84.RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA URL http://www.rstudio.com/ (2018).85.Aktas, C. Manipulating DNA Sequences and Estimating Unambiguous Haplotype Network with Statistical Parsimony. Retrieved from https://CRAN.R project.org/package=haplotypes (2020).86.Piel, W. H., Chan, L., Dominus, M. J., Ruan, J., Vos, R. A., and V. Tannen. TreeBASE v. 2: A Database of Phylogenetic Knowledge. In: e-BioSphere (2009) More

1.Bâki Iz, H. Is the global sea surface temperature rise accelerating?. Geod. Geodyn. 9, 432–438 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
2.Bopp, L. et al. Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: Projections with CMIP5 models. Biogeosciences 10, 6225–6245 (2013).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Sarmiento, J. L. et al. Response of ocean ecosystems to climate warming. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 18 (2004).4.Oliver, E. C. J. et al. Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century. Nat. Commun. 9, 1–12 (2018).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Frölicher, T. L., Fischer, E. M. & Gruber, N. Marine heatwaves under global warming. Nature 560, 360–364 (2018).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
6.Beaugrand, G. & Kirby, R. R. How do marine pelagic species respond to climate change? Theories and observations. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 10, 169–197 (2018).PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
7.Verity, P. G., Smetacek, V. & Smayda, T. J. Status, trends and the future of the marine pelagic ecosystem. Environ. Conserv. 29, 207–237 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Palko, B. J., Beardsley, G. L. & Richards, W. J. Synopsis of the biological data on dolphin-fishes, Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus and Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 443, 1–28 (1982).
Google Scholar 
9.Oxenford, H. A. Biology of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the western central Atlantic: A review. Sci. Mar. 63, 277–301 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
10.Moltó, V. et al. A global review on the biology of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) and its fishery in the Mediterranean Sea: advances in the last two decades. Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac. (2020).11.FAO. Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus, 1758). Species fact sheets. http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3130/en (2019).12.Morales-Nin, B., Cannizzaro, L., Massuti, E., Potoschi, A. & Andaloro, F. An overview of the FADs fishery in the Mediterranean Sea. Proc. Tuna Fish. Fish Aggreg. Dev. Symp. 184–207 (2000).13.Morales-Nin, B. Mediterranean FADs fishery: An overview. In Second International Symposium on Tuna Fisheries and Fish Aggregating Devices (2011).14.Giorgi, F. Climate change hot-spots. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L08707 (2006).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
15.Durrieu de Madron, X. et al. Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean. Prog. Oceanogr. 91, 97–166 (2011).16.Adloff, F. et al. Mediterranean sea response to climate change in an ensemble of twenty first century scenarios. Clim. Dyn. 45, 2775–2802 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
17.Darmaraki, S. et al. Future evolution of marine heatwaves in the mediterranean sea. Clim. Dyn. 53, 1371–1392 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Bignami, S., Sponaugle, S. & Cowen, R. K. Effects of ocean acidification on the larvae of a high-value pelagic fisheries species, mahi-mahi Coryphaena hippurus. Aquat. Biol. 21, 249–260 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
19.Norton, J. G. Apparent habitat extensions of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in response to climate transients in the California current*. Sci. Mar. 63, 239–260 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
20.Chang, S.-K. & Maunder, M. N. Aging material matters in the estimation of von Bertalanffy growth parameters for dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus). Fish. Res. 119–120, 147–153 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
21.Furukawa, S. et al. Age, growth, and reproductive characteristics of dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus in the waters off west Kyushu, northern East China Sea. Fish. Sci. 78, 1153–1162 (2012).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Asch, R. G., Stock, C. A. & Sarmiento, J. L. Climate change impacts on mismatches between phytoplankton blooms and fish spawning phenology. Glob. Chang. Biol. 25, 2544–2559 (2019).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
23.Shoji, J. et al. Possible effects of global warming on fish recruitment: shifts in spawning season and latitudinal distribution can alter growth of fish early life stages through changes in daylength. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 68, 1165–1169 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
24.R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Version 3.6.2. https://www.R-project.org/ (R Foundation for Satistical Computing, 2019).25.Wickham, H. ggplot2. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat. 3, 180–185 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Morrongiello, J. R., Thresher, R. E. & Smith, D. C. Aquatic biochronologies and climate change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 2, 849–857 (2012).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Schismenou, E. et al. Seasonal changes in otolith increment width trajectories and the effect of temperature on the daily growth rate of young sardines. Fish. Oceanogr. 25, 362–372 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
28.Schismenou, E. et al. Disentangling the effects of inherent otolith growth and model-simulated ecosystem parameters on the daily growth rate of young anchovies. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 515, 227–237 (2014).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
29.Catalán, I. A. et al. Daily otolith growth and ontogenetic geochemical signatures of age-0 anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the gulf of cádiz (SW Spain). Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 15, 781–789 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
30.Tanner, S. E. et al. Regional climate, primary productivity and fish biomass drive growth variation and population resilience in a small pelagic fish. Ecol. Indic. 103, 530–541 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
31.Ito, S., Okunishi, T., Kishi, M. J. & Wang, M. Modelling ecological responses of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) to future climate change and its uncertainty. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 70, 980–990 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Vinagre, C., Ferreira, T., Matos, L., Costa, M. J. & Cabral, H. N. Latitudinal gradients in growth and spawning of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and their relationship with temperature and photoperiod. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 81, 375–380 (2009).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
33.Suthers, I. M. & Sundby, S. Role of the midnight sun: Comparative growth of pelagic juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) from the Arcto-Norwegian and a Nova Scotian stock. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 53, 827–836 (1996).Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Pepin, P. et al. Once upon a larva: Revisiting the relationship between feeding success and growth in fish larvae. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72, 359–373 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
35.Fablet, R. et al. Shedding light on fish otolith biomineralization using a bioenergetic approach. PLoS ONE 6, e27055 (2011).ADS 
CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
36.Lorenzen, K. Toward a new paradigm for growth modeling in fisheries stock assessments: Embracing plasticity and its consequences. Fish. Res. 180, 4–22 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
37.Campos-Candela, A., Palmer, M., Balle, S., Álvarez, A. & Alós, J. A mechanistic theory of personality-dependent movement behaviour based on dynamic energy budgets. Ecol. Lett. 22, 213–232 (2019).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
38.Payne, M. R. et al. Uncertainties in projecting climate-change impacts in marine ecosystems. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 73, 1272–1282 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
39.Fernandes, J. A. et al. Can we project changes in fish abundance and distribution in response to climate? Glob. Chang. Biol. (2020).40.Ramírez-Romero, E. et al. Assessment of the skill of coupled physical-biogeochemical models in the NW Mediterranean. Front. Mar. Sci. (2020).41.Rountrey, A. N., Coulson, P. G., Meeuwig, J. J. & Meekan, M. Water temperature and fish growth: Otoliths predict growth patterns of a marine fish in a changing climate. Glob. Chang. Biol. 20, 2450–2458 (2014).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
42.Moltó, V., Ospina-Alvarez, A., Gatt, M., Palmer, M. & Catalán, I. A. A Bayesian approach to recover the theoretical temperature-dependent hatch date distribution from biased samples: The case of the common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus). Preprint at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.01000 (2020).43.Catalán, I. A. et al. Critically examining the knowledge base required to mechanistically project climate impacts: A case study of Europe’s fish and shellfish. Fish Fish. 1–17 (2019).44.Morrongiello, J. R., Walsh, C. T., Gray, C. A., Stocks, J. R. & Crook, D. A. Environmental change drives long-term recruitment and growth variation in an estuarine fish. Glob. Chang. Biol. 20, 1844–1860 (2014).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Baudron, A. R., Needle, C. L., Rijnsdorp, A. D. & Tara Marshall, C. Warming temperatures and smaller body sizes: Synchronous changes in growth of North Sea fishes. Glob. Chang. Biol. 20, 1023–1031 (2014).46.Pauly, D. & Cheung, W. W. L. Sound physiological knowledge and principles in modeling shrinking of fishes under climate change. Glob. Chang. Biol. 24, e15–e26 (2018).ADS 
PubMed 
Article 

Google Scholar 
47.Wenger, A. S., Whinney, J., Taylor, B. & Kroon, F. The impact of individual and combined abiotic factors on daily otolith growth in a coral reef fish. Sci. Rep. 6, 1–10 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
48.García, A. et al. Climate-induced environmental conditions influencing interannual variability of Mediterranean bluefin (Thunnus thynnus) larval growth. Fish. Oceanogr. 22, 273–287 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
49.Pimentel, M., Pegado, M., Repolho, T. & Rosa, R. Impact of ocean acidification in the metabolism and swimming behavior of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) early larvae. Mar. Biol. 161, 725–729 (2014).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
50.FAO-CopeMed II. Report of the CopeMed II-MedSudMed Workshop on the Status of Coryphaena hippurus Fisheries in the Western-Central Mediterranean, Cádiz, Spain, 8–9 October 2019. CopeMed Technical Documents No. 54 (GCP/INT/028SPA-GCP/INT/362/EC). 1–22 (2019).51.Tittensor, D. P. et al. A protocol for the intercomparison of marine fishery and ecosystem models: Fish-MIP v1. 0. Geosci. Model Dev. 11, 1421–1442 (2018).52.Massutí, E. & Morales-Nin, B. Reproductive biology of dolphin-fish (Coryphaena hippurus L.) off the island of Majorca (western Mediterranean). Fish. Res. 30, 57–65 (1997).53.Massutí, E. & Morales-Nin, B. Seasonality and reproduction of dolphin-fish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the Western Mediterranean*. Sci. Mar. 59, 357–364 (1995).
Google Scholar 
54.Potoschi, A., Reñones, O. & Cannizzaro, L. Sexual development, maturity and reproduction of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the western and central Mediterranean*. Sci. Mar. 63, 367–372 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
55.Alemany, F. et al. Influence of physical environmental factors on the composition and horizontal distribution of summer larval fish assemblages off Mallorca island (Balearic archipelago, western Mediterranean). J. Plankton Res. 28, 473–487 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
56.Torres, A. P. et al. Decapod crustacean larval communities in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean): Seasonal composition, horizontal and vertical distribution patterns. J. Mar. Syst. 138, 112–126 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
57.Massutí, E., Deudero, S., Sánchez, P. & Morales-Nin, B. Diet and Feeding of Dolphin (Coryphaena hippurus) in Western Mediterranean Waters. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63, 329–341 (1998).
Google Scholar 
58.Merten, W., Appeldoorn, R., Rivera, R. & Hammond, D. Diel vertical movements of adult male dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the western central atlantic as determined by use of pop-up satellite archival transmitters. Mar. Biol. 161, 1823–1834 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
59.D’Ortenzio, F. & D’Alcalà, M. R. On the trophic regimes of the Mediterranean Sea: A satellite analysis. Biogeosciences 5, 2959–2983 (2008).
Google Scholar 
60.IPCC. Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. In Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K., Meyer, L.A. eds.). (IPCC, 2014).61.Grazzini, F. & Viterbo, P. Record-breaking warm sea surface temperature of the Mediterranean Sea. ECMWF Newsl. 98, 30–31 (2003).
Google Scholar 
62.Olita, A., Sorgente, R., Ribotti, A., Natale, S. & Gaberšek, S. Effects of the 2003 European heatwave on the Central Mediterranean Sea surface layer: a numerical simulation. Eur. Geosci. Union 3, 85–125 (2006).
Google Scholar 
63.Garrabou, J. et al. Mass mortality in Northwestern Mediterranean rocky benthic communities: Effects of the 2003 heat wave. Glob. Chang. Biol. 15, 1090–1103 (2009).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
64.Hobday, A. J. et al. A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves. Prog. Oceanogr. 141, 227–238 (2016).ADS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
65.Hobday, A. J. et al. Categorizing and naming marine heatwaves. Oceanography 31, 162–173 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
66.Schlegel, R. W. Marine Heatwave Tracker. http://www.marineheatwaves.org/tracker. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3787872 (2020).67.Ricker, W. E. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 191, 1–382 (1975).68.Solano-Fernández, M., Montoya-Márquez, J. A., Gallardo-Cabello, M. & Espino-Barr, E. Age and growth of the Dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus in the coast of Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico. Rev. Biol. Mar. Oceanogr. 50, 491–505 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
69.Höhne, L. et al. Environmental determinants of perch (Perca fluviatilis) growth in gravel pit lakes and the relative performance of simple versus complex ecological predictors. Ecol. Freshw. Fish 00, 1–17 (2020).
Google Scholar 
70.Kuhn, M. caret: Classification and Regression Training. R package. Version 6.0-86. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=caret (2020).71.Su, Y.-S. & Yajima, M. R2jags: Using R to Run ‘JAGS’. R Package Version 0.5-7. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=R2jags (2015).72.Plummer, M. rjags: Bayesian Graphical Models Using MCMC. R Package Version 4-10. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rjags (2015).73.Then, A. Y., Hoenig, J. M., Hall, N. G. & Hewitt, D. A. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 72, 82–92 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
74.Massutí, E., Morales-Nin, B. & Moranta, J. Otolith microstructure, age, and growth patterns of dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus, in the western Mediterranean. Fish. Bull. 97, 891–899 (1999).
Google Scholar 
75.Copemed II. Report of the CopeMed II-MedSudMed Workshop on Stock Assessment of Coryphaena hippurus in the Western-Central Mediterranean. Málaga, Spain 13–15 September 2016. Copemed II Technical Documents No. 44 (GCP/INT/028/SPA – GCP/INT/006/EC). Málaga, 2016. 1–31. http://www.faocopemed.org/pdf/publications/CopeMedII_TD44.pdf (2016). More

1.Réale, D., Dingemanse, N. J., Kazem, A. J. N. & Wright, J. Evolutionary and ecological approaches to the study of personality. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 365, 3937–3946 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
2.Dingemanse, N. J. & Wright, J. Criteria for acceptable studies of animal personality and behavioural syndromes. Ethology 126, 865–869 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
3.Wilson, D. S. Adaptive individual differences within single populations. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 353, 199–205 (1998).Article 

Google Scholar 
4.Van Oers, K., De Jong, G., Van Noordwijk, A. J., Kempenaers, B. & Drent, P. J. Contribution of genetics to the study of animal personalities: A review of case studies. Behaviour 142, 1185–1206 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
5.Dochtermann, N. A., Schwab, T. & Sih, A. The contribution of additive genetic variation to personality variation: Heritability of personality. Proc. R. Soc. B. 282, 20142201 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
6.Dochtermann, N. A., Schwab, T., Berdal, M. A., Dalos, J. & Royauté, R. The heritability of behavior: A meta-analysis. J. Hered. 110, 403–410 (2019).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
7.Smith, B. R. & Blumstein, D. T. Fitness consequences of personality: A meta-analysis. Behav. Ecol. 19, 448–455 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
8.Moiron, M., Laskowski, K. L. & Niemelä, P. T. Individual differences in behaviour explain variation in survival: a meta-analysis. Ecol. Lett. 23, 399–408 (2020).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
9.Dingemanse, N. J. & Wolf, M. Recent models for adaptive personality differences: A review. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 365, 3947–3958 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
10.Dingemanse, N. J. & Réale, D. What is the evidence that natural selection maintains variation in animal personalities? In Animal Personalities: Behavior, Physiology, and Evolution (eds Carere, C. & Maestripieri, D.) 201–220 (Chicago University Press, 2013).
Google Scholar 
11.Oers, K. V. & Mueller, J. C. Evolutionary genomics of animal personality. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 365, 3991–4000 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
12.Laine, V. N. & van Oers, K. The quantitative and molecular genetics of individual differences in animal personality. In Personality in Nonhuman Animals (eds Vonk, J. et al.) 55–72 (Springer, 2017).
Google Scholar 
13.Bubac, C. M., Miller, J. M. & Coltman, D. W. The genetic basis of animal behavioural diversity in natural populations. Mol. Ecol. 29, 1957–1971 (2020).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
14.Dingemanse, N. J., Kazem, A. J. N., Réale, D. & Wright, J. Behavioural reaction norms: Animal personality meets individual plasticity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 81–89 (2010).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
15.Brommer, J. E. & Class, B. The importance of genotype-by-age interactions for the development of repeatable behavior and correlated behaviors over lifetime. Front. Zool. 12, S2 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
16.Nussey, D. H., Wilson, A. J. & Brommer, J. E. The evolutionary ecology of individual phenotypic plasticity in wild populations. J. Evol. Biol. 20, 831–844 (2007).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
17.Scheiner, S. M. Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24, 35–68 (1993).Article 

Google Scholar 
18.Gienapp, P., Laine, V. N., Mateman, A. C., van Oers, K. & Visser, M. E. Environment-dependent genotype-phenotype associations in avian breeding time. Front. Genet. 8, 1–9 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
19.Korsten, P. et al. Association between DRD4 gene polymorphism and personality variation in great tits: A test across four wild populations. Mol. Ecol. 19, 832–843 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
20.Mueller, J. C. et al. Haplotype structure, adaptive history and associations with exploratory behaviour of the DRD4 gene region in four great tit (Parus major) populations. Mol. Ecol. 22, 2797–2809 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
21.Riyahi, S., Sánchez-Delgado, M., Calafell, F., Monk, D. & Senar, J. C. Combined epigenetic and intraspecific variation of the DRD4 and SERT genes influence novelty seeking behavior in great tit Parus major. Epigenetics 10, 516–525 (2015).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
22.Mueller, J. C., Partecke, J., Hatchwell, B. J., Gaston, K. J. & Evans, K. L. Candidate gene polymorphisms for behavioural adaptations during urbanization in blackbirds. Mol. Ecol. 22, 3629–3637 (2013).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
23.Holtmann, B. et al. Population differentiation and behavioural association of the two ‘personality’ genes DRD4 and SERT in dunnocks (Prunella modularis). Mol. Ecol. 25, 706–722 (2016).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
24.Class, B. & Brommer, J. E. Senescence of personality in a wild bird. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 70, 733–744 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
25.Class, B., Brommer, J. E. & van Oers, K. Exploratory behavior undergoes genotype–age interactions in a wild bird. Ecol. Evol. 9, 8987–8994 (2019).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
26.Savitz, J. B. & Ramesar, R. S. Genetic variants implicated in personality: A review of the more promising candidates. Am. J. Med. Genet. Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 131B, 20–32 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
27.Craig, I. W. & Halton, K. E. Genetics of human aggressive behaviour. Hum. Genet. 126, 101–113 (2009).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
28.Miller-Butterworth, C. M., Kaplan, J. R., Barmada, M. M., Manuck, S. B. & Ferrell, R. E. The serotonin transporter: Sequence variation in Macaca fascicularis and its relationship to dominance. Behav. Genet. 37, 678–696 (2007).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
29.Jannini, E. A., Burri, A., Jern, P. & Novelli, G. Genetics of human sexual behavior: Where we are, where we are going. Sex. Med. Rev. 3, 65–77 (2015).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
30.Timm, K., Van Oers, K. & Tilgar, V. SERT gene polymorphisms are associated with risk-taking behaviour and breeding parameters in wild great tits. J. Exp. Biol. 221, jeb171595 (2018).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
31.Timm, K., Koosa, K. & Tilgar, V. The serotonin transporter gene could play a role in anti-predator behaviour in a forest passerine. J. Ethol. 37, 221–227 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
32.Edwards, H. A., Hajduk, G. K., Durieux, G., Burke, T. & Dugdale, H. L. No association between personality and candidate gene polymorphisms in a wild bird population. PLoS ONE 10, 1–13 (2015).
Google Scholar 
33.Van Dongen, W. F. D., Robinson, R. W., Weston, M. A., Mulder, R. A. & Guay, P. J. Variation at the DRD4 locus is associated with wariness and local site selection in urban black swans. BMC Evol. Biol. 15, 1–11 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
34.Sibley, C. G. Behavioral mimicry in the titmice (Paridae) and certain other birds. Wilson Bull. 67, 128–132 (1955).
Google Scholar 
35.Thys, B. et al. The female perspective of personality in a wild songbird: Repeatable aggressiveness relates to exploration behaviour. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–10 (2017).CAS 
Article 

Google Scholar 
36.Thys, B., Lambreghts, Y., Pinxten, R. & Eens, M. Nest defence behavioural reaction norms: Testing life-history and parental investment theory predictions. R. Soc. Open Sci. 6, 182180 (2019).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
37.Thys, B., Pinxten, R. & Eens, M. Long-term repeatability and age-related plasticity of female behaviour in a free-living passerine. Anim. Behav. 172, 45–54 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
38.Grunst, A. S. et al. Variation in personality traits across a metal pollution gradient in a free-living songbird. Sci. Total Environ. 630, 668–678 (2018).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
ADS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
39.Graffelman, J. Exploring diallelic genetic markers: The HardyWeinberg package. J. Stat. Softw. 64, 1–23 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
40.Solé, X., Guinó, E., Valls, J., Iniesta, R. & Moreno, V. SNPStats: A web tool for the analysis of association studies. Bioinformatics 22, 1928–1929 (2006).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
41.Benjamini, Y. & Hocherg, Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B 57, 289–300 (1995).MathSciNet 
MATH 

Google Scholar 
42.Therneau, T. coxme: Mixed effects Cox models. R package version 2.2-16. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=coxme (2020).43.Balding, D. J. A tutorial on statistical methods for population association studies. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 781–791 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
44.van de Pol, M. & Wright, J. A simple method for distinguishing within- versus between-subject effects using mixed models. Anim. Behav. 77, 753–758 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
45.Araya-Ajoy, Y. G., Mathot, K. J. & Dingemanse, N. J. An approach to estimate short-term, long-term and reaction norm repeatability. Methods Ecol. Evol. 6, 1462–1473 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
46.Sinnwell, J., Therneau, T. & Schaid, D. The kinship 2 R Package for Pedigree Data. Hum. Hered. 78, 91–93 (2014).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
47.Wilson, A. J. et al. An ecologist’s guide to the animal model. J. Anim. Ecol. 79, 13–26 (2010).PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
48.Nakagawa, S. & Schielzeth, H. A general and simple method for obtaining R2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods Ecol. Evol. 4, 133–142 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
49.Deans, C. & Maggert, K. A. What do you mean, “Epigenetic”?. Genetics 199, 887–896 (2015).CAS 
PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
50.Hirschhorn, J. N., Lohmueller, K., Byrne, E. & Hirschhorn, K. A comprehensive review of genetic association studies. Genet. Med. 4, 45–61 (2002).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
51.Hedrick, P. W. Genetic polymorphism in heterogeneous environments: The age of genomics. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 37, 67–93 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
52.Krams, I. et al. Hissing calls improve survival in incubating female great tits (Parus major). Acta Ethol. 17, 83–88 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
53.Munafò, M. R., Yalcin, B., Willis-Owen, S. A. & Flint, J. Association of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and approach-related personality traits: Meta-analysis and new data. Biol. Psychiatry 63, 197–206 (2008).PubMed 
Article 
CAS 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
54.Chamary, J. V., Parmley, J. L. & Hurst, L. D. Hearing silence: Non-neutral evolution at synonymous sites in mammals. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 98–108 (2006).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
55.Sauna, Z. E. & Kimchi-Sarfaty, C. Understanding the contribution of synonymous mutations to human disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 12, 683–691 (2011).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
56.Pastinen, T. Genome-wide allele-specific analysis: Insights into regulatory variation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 11, 533–538 (2010).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
57.Vergnes, M., Depaulis, A. & Boehrer, A. Parachlorophenylalanine-induced serotonin depletion increases offensive but not defensive aggression in male rats. Physiol. Behav. 36, 653–658 (1986).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
58.Lesch, K. P. & Merschdorf, U. Impulsivity, aggression, and serotonin: A molecular psychobiological perspective. Behav. Sci. Law 18, 581–604 (2000).CAS 
PubMed 
Article 
PubMed Central 

Google Scholar 
59.Seo, D., Patrick, C. J. & Kennealy, P. J. Role of serotonin and dopamine system interactions in the neurobiology of impulsive aggression and its comorbidity with other clinical disorders. Aggress. Violent Behav. 13, 383–395 (2008).PubMed 
PubMed Central 
Article 

Google Scholar 
60.Thys, B., Eens, M., Pinxten, R. & Iserbyt, A. Pathways linking female personality with reproductive success are trait- and year-specific. Behav. Ecol. 32, 114–123 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar  More