Ecology

Influence on zoospore attachment
A slide glass with various sub-micro particles was deposited in a container (outer diameter 61.8 mm, height 125.2 mm) filled with seawater. Zoospores were poured from the surface of the water, and the number of zoospores that had attached to the slide glass was counted. The effect of the particles on attachment was investigated. Here, particles A, B and C were used (silicon carbide–SiC–particles with different size distributions) as the sediment particles. Particles A and B had one peak in the size distribution, and average particle sizes of 1.1 µm and 3.9 µm, respectively. Particle C had two peaks at 0.090 µm and 4.6 µm, and the average particle size was 1.5 µm (Supplementary Fig. S1 online).
When about 5 × 104 of E. bicyclis zoospores were placed in the container, after 12 h an average attachment of 13.5 ind./mm2 was observed on the slide glass without sediment particles. The relationship between the attachment percentage (%) of zoospores and amount of sediment particles of SiC is shown in Fig. 1a. The attachment percentage, expressed as the number of attached zoospores without sediments, was 100%.
Figure 1

Negative influences of sediment on zoospore attachment and gametophyte survival; (a,b) zoospore attachment percentage and gametophyte survival percentage, respectively.

Full size image

In the case of particle A (mean diameter 1.1 µm), which had one peak in the size distribution, the zoospore attachment percentage (mean ± SD) at 0.05 mg/cm2 and 0.1 mg/cm2 of sediments were 25.9 ± 14.2% and 10.2 ± 6.17%, respectively (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Table S1 online). In the case of particle B (mean diameter 3.9 µm), the attachment percentage was 53.9 ± 24.8% at 0.05 mg/cm2 and 41.1 ± 23.1% at 0.1 mg/cm2. In the case of particle A, few attachments were found at sediment levels of 0.3 mg/cm2.
The attachment percentage decreased exponentially as the amount of sediment on the substrate increased at any particle size. A significant negative correlation (Spearman’s rank correlation, p  More

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