Ecology

Kuris, A. M. et al. Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries. Nature 454, 515–518. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06970 (2008).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Dobson, A., Lafferty, K. D., Kuris, A. M., Hechinger, R. F. & Jetz, W. Homage to Linnaeus: How many parasites? How many hosts?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 11482–11489 (2008).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Lafferty, K. D., Dobson, A. & Kuris, A. M. Parasites dominate food web links. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103, 11211–11216 (2006).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Amundsen, P. A. et al. Food web topology and parasites in the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake. J. Anim. Ecol. 78, 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01518.x (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Thompson, R. M., Mouritsen, K. N. & Poulin, R. Importance of parasites and their life cycle characteristics in determining the structure of a large marine food web. J. Anim. Ecol. 74, 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00899.x (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
Thieltges, D. W. et al. Parasites as prey in aquatic food webs: Implications for predator infection and parasite transmission. Oikos 122, 1473–1482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00243.x (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sato, T. et al. Nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem. Ecology 92, 201–207 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lafferty, K. D. & Kuris, A. M. Trophic strategies, animal diversity and body size. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17, 507–513 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
Goedknegt, M. A. et al. Trophic relationship between the invasive parasitic copepod Mytilicola orientalis and its native blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) host. Parasitology 145, 814–821. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182017001779 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Timi, J. T. & Poulin, R. Why ignoring parasites in fish ecology is a mistake. Int. J. Parasitol. 50, 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.04.007 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Barber, I. & Svensson, P. A. Effects of experimental Schistocephalus solidus infections on growth, morphology and sexual development of female three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. Parasitology 126, 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002925 (2003).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Scharsack, J. P., Koch, K. & Hammerschmidt, K. Who is in control of the stickleback immune system: Interactions between Schistocephalus solidus and its specific vertebrate host. Proc. Biol. Sci. 274, 3151–3158. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1148 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hopkins, C. A. Studies on cestode metabolism. I. glycogen metabolism in Schistocephalus solidus In vivo. J. Parasitol. 36, 384–390 (1950).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Körting, W. & Barrett, J. Carbohydrate catabolism in the plerocercoids of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). Int. J. Parasitol. 7, 411–417 (1977).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hebert, F. O., Grambauer, S., Barber, I., Landry, C. R. & Aubin-Horth, N. Major host transitions are modulated through transcriptome-wide reprogramming events in Schistocephalus solidus, a threespine stickleback parasite. Mol. Ecol. 26, 1118–1130. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13970 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Berger, C. S. et al. The parasite Schistocephalus solidus secretes proteins with putative host manipulation functions. Parasites Vectors 14, 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04933-w (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Jolles, J. W., Mazue, G. P. F., Davidson, J., Behrmann-Godel, J. & Couzin, I. D. Schistocephalus parasite infection alters sticklebacks’ movement ability and thereby shapes social interactions. Sci. Rep. 10, 12282. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69057-0 (2020).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Scharsack, J. P. et al. Climate change facilitates a parasite’s host exploitation via temperature-mediated immunometabolic processes. Glob. Change Biol. 27, 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15402 (2021).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kochneva, A., Borvinskaya, E. & Smirnov, L. Zone of interaction between the parasite and the host: Protein profile of the body cavity fluid of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. infected with the Cestode Schistocephalus solidus (Muller, 1776). Acta Parasitol. 66, 569–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00318-8 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Barber, I. & Scharsack, J. P. The three-spined stickleback-Schistocephalus solidus system: An experimental model for investigating host-parasite interactions in fish. Parasitology 137, 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009991466 (2010).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Weber, J. N., Steinel, N. C., Shim, K. C. & Bolnick, D. I. Recent evolution of extreme cestode growth suppression by a vertebrate host. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 114, 6575–6580. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620095114 (2017).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Sabadel, A. J. M., Stumbo, A. D. & MacLeod, C. D. Stable-isotope analysis: A neglected tool for placing parasites in food webs. J. Helminthol. 93, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X17001201 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Hayes, J. M. Factors controlling 13C contents of sedimentary organic compounds: Principles and evidence. Mar. Geol. 113, 111–125 (1993).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
France, R. L. Differentiation between littoral and pelagic food webs in lakes using stable carbon isotopes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 1310–1313 (1995).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Post, D. M. Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: Models, methods and assumptions. Ecology 83, 703–718 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
O’Connell, T. C. ‘Trophic’ and ‘source’ amino acids in trophic estimation: A likely metabolic explanation. Oecologia 184, 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3881-9 (2017).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
McMahon, K. W., Fogel, M. L., Elsdon, T. S. & Thorrold, S. R. Carbon isotope fractionation of amino acids in fish muscle reflects biosynthesis and isotopic routing from dietary protein. J. Anim. Ecol. 79, 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01722.x (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
Liu, H.-z, Luo, L. & Cai, D.-l. Stable carbon isotopic analysis of amino acids in a simplified food chain consisting of the green alga Chlorella spp., the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus, and the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). Can. J. Zool. 96, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0170 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Wang, Y. V. et al. Know your fish: A novel compound-specific isotope approach for tracing wild and farmed salmon. Food Chem. 256, 380–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.095 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Whiteman, J. P., Kim, S. L., McMahon, K. W., Koch, P. L. & Newsome, S. D. Amino acid isotope discrimination factors for a carnivore: Physiological insights from leopard sharks and their diet. Oecologia 188, 977–989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-018-4276-2 (2018).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Rogers, M., Bare, R., Gray, A., Scott-Moelder, T. & Heintz, R. Assessment of two feeds on survival, proximate composition, and amino acid carbon isotope discrimination in hatchery-reared Chinook salmon. Fish. Res. 219, 105303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2019.06.001 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Choy, K., Smith, C. I., Fuller, B. T. & Richards, M. P. Investigation of amino acid δ13C signatures in bone collagen to reconstruct human palaeodiets using liquid chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 6093–6111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.025 (2010).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Newsome, S. D., Clementz, M. T. & Koch, P. L. Using stable isotope biogeochemistry to study marine mammal ecology. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 26, 509–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00354.x (2010).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Raghavan, M., McCullagh, J. S., Lynnerup, N. & Hedges, R. E. Amino acid delta13C analysis of hair proteins and bone collagen using liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Paleodietary implications from intra-individual comparisons. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 24, 541–548. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4398 (2010).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Honch, N. V., McCullagh, J. S. & Hedges, R. E. Variation of bone collagen amino acid delta13C values in archaeological humans and fauna with different dietary regimes: Developing frameworks of dietary discrimination. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 148, 495–511. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22065 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
Mora, A. et al. High-resolution palaeodietary reconstruction: Amino acid δ 13 C analysis of keratin from single hairs of mummified human individuals. Quatern. Int. 436, 96–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.018 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Matos, M. P. V., Konstantynova, K. I., Mohr, R. M. & Jackson, G. P. Analysis of the (13)C isotope ratios of amino acids in the larvae, pupae and adult stages of Calliphora vicina blow flies and their carrion food sources. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 410, 7943–7954. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1416-9 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Bontempo, L. et al. Bulk and compound-specific stable isotope ratio analysis for authenticity testing of organically grown tomatoes. Food Chem. 318, 126426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126426 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Gaye-Siessegger, J., McCullagh, J. S. & Focken, U. The effect of dietary amino acid abundance and isotopic composition on the growth rate, metabolism and tissue delta13C of rainbow trout. Br. J. Nutr. 105, 1764–1771. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510005696 (2011).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Newsome, S. D., Fogel, M. L., Kelly, L. & del Rio, C. M. Contributions of direct incorporation from diet and microbial amino acids to protein synthesis in Nile tilapia. Funct. Ecol. 25, 1051–1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01866.x (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Larsen, T. et al. Tracing carbon sources through aquatic and terrestrial food webs using amino acid stable isotope fingerprinting. PLoS ONE 8, e73441. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073441 (2013).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Thieltges, D. W., Goedknegt, M. A., O’Dwyer, K., Senior, A. M. & Kamiya, T. Parasites and stable isotopes: A comparative analysis of isotopic discrimination in parasitic trophic interactions. Oikos 128, 1329–1339. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.06086 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Layman, C. A. et al. Applying stable isotopes to examine food-web structure: An overview of analytical tools. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 87, 545–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00208.x (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Wang, Y. V., Wan, A. H. L., Krogdahl, A., Johnson, M. & Larsen, T. (13)C values of glycolytic amino acids as indicators of carbohydrate utilization in carnivorous fish. PeerJ 7, e7701. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7701 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hesse, T. et al. Insights into amino acid fractionation and incorporation by compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of three-spined sticklebacks. Sci. Rep. 12, 11690. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15704-7 (2022).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Riekenberg, P. M. et al. Stable nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids as a new tool to clarify complex parasite–host interactions within food webs. Oikos 130, 1650–1664. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08450 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Carleton, S. A. & Del Rio, C. M. Growth and catabolism in isotopic incorporation: A new formulation and experimental data. Funct. Ecol. 24, 805–812. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01700.x (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
Perga, M. E. & Gerdeaux, D. ‘Are fish what they eat’ all year round?. Oecologia 144, 598–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0069-5 (2005).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Grey, J. Trophic fractionation and the effects of diet switch on the carbon stable isotopic ‘signatures’ of pelagic consumers. SIL Proc. 1922–2010(27), 3187–3191. https://doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11898266 (2000).Article 

Google Scholar 
Danfaer, A. Nutrient metabolism and utilization in the liver. Livest. Prod. Sci. 39, 115–127 (1994).Article 

Google Scholar 
Read, C. P. & Simmons, J. E. Biochemistry and physiology of tapeworms. Physiol. Rev. 43, 263–305 (1963).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Nachev, M. et al. Understanding trophic interactions in host-parasite associations using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Parasites Vectors 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2030-y (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kanaya, G. et al. Application of stable isotopic analyses for fish host–parasite systems: An evaluation tool for parasite-mediated material flow in aquatic ecosystems. Aquat. Ecol. 53, 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-019-09684-6 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Gilbert, B. M. et al. You are how you eat: differences in trophic position of two parasite species infecting a single host according to stable isotopes. Parasitol. Res. 119, 1393–1400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06619-1 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Gilbert, B. M. et al. Stable isotope analysis spills the beans about spatial variance in trophic structure in a fish host—Parasite system from the Vaal River System, South Africa. Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl. 12, 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.011 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Felig, P. The glucose-alanine cycle. Metabolism 22, 179–207 (1973).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Dale, R. A. Catabolism of threonine in mammals by coupling of L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase with 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate-CoA ligase. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 544, 496–503 (1978).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Jordan, P. M. & Akhtar, M. The mechanism of action of serine Transhydroxymethylase. Biochem. J. 116, 277–286 (1970).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Linstead, D. J., Klein, R. A. & Cross, G. A. M. Threonine catabolism in Trypanosoma brucei. J. Gen. Microbiol. 101, 243–251 (1977).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Hare, P. E., Fogel, M. L., Stafford, T. W. Jr., Mitchell, A. D. & Hoering, T. C. The isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen in individual amino acids isolated from modern and fossil proteins. J. Archaeol. Sci. 18, 277–292 (1991).Article 

Google Scholar 
Petzke, K. J., Boeing, H., Klaus, S. & Metges, C. C. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic composition of hair protein and amino acids can be used as biomarkers for animal-derived dietary protein intake in humans. J. Nutr. 135, 1515–1520 (2005).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
McMahon, K. W., Polito, M. J., Abel, S., McCarthy, M. D. & Thorrold, S. R. Carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation of amino acids in an avian marine predator, the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua). Ecol. Evol. 5, 1278–1290. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1437 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Fuller, B. T. & Petzke, K. J. The dietary protein paradox and threonine (15) N-depletion: Pyridoxal-5’-phosphate enzyme activity as a mechanism for the delta (15) N trophic level effect. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 31, 705–718. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.7835 (2017).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Bowyer, A. et al. Structure and function of the l-threonine dehydrogenase (TkTDH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis. J. Struct. Biol. 168, 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2009.07.011 (2009).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kikuchi, G., Motokawa, Y., Yoshida, T. & Hiraga, K. Glycine cleavage system: Reaction mechanism, physiological significance and hyperglycinemia. Proc. Jpn. Acad. https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab/84.246 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
Locasale, J. W. Serine, glycine and one-carbon units: Cancer metabolism in full circle. Nat. Rev. Cancer 13, 572–583. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3557 (2013).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kalhan, S. C. & Hanson, R. W. Resurgence of serine: An often neglected but indispensable amino Acid. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 19786–19791. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R112.357194 (2012).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Larsen, T., Wang, Y. V. & Wan, A. H. L. Tracing the Trophic fate of aquafeed macronutrients with carbon isotope ratios of amino acids. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.813961 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sweeting, C. J., Polunin, N. V. & Jennings, S. Effects of chemical lipid extraction and arithmetic lipid correction on stable isotope ratios of fish tissues. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20, 595–601. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2347 (2006).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Tarallo, A., Bailey, C., Agnisola, C. & D’Onofrio, G. A theoretical evaluation of the respiration rate partition in the Gasterosteus aculeatus-Schistocephalus solidus host-parasite system. Int. Aquat. Res. 13, 185. https://doi.org/10.22034/IAR.2021.1924974.1142 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Takizawa, Y. et al. A new insight into isotopic fractionation associated with decarboxylation in organisms: Implications for amino acid isotope approaches in biogeoscience. Progress Earth Planet. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-020-00364-w (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ron-Harel, N. et al. T cell activation depends on extracellular alanine. Cell Rep. 28, 3011-3021.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.034 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Wang, W. et al. Glycine metabolism in animals and humans: Implications for nutrition and health. Amino Acids 45, 463–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-013-1493-1 (2013).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Mathis, D. & Shoelson, S. E. Immunometabolism: An emerging frontier. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 11, 81. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2922 (2011).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Guo, C. et al. Live Edwardsiella tarda vaccine enhances innate immunity by metabolic modulation in zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 47, 664–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.034 (2015).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Peuss, R. et al. Adaptation to low parasite abundance affects immune investment and immunopathological responses of cavefish. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 4, 1416–1430. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1234-2 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Smyth, J. D. Fertilization of Schistocephalus solidus in vitro. Exp. Parasitol. 3, 64–71 (1954).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Schärer, L. & Wedekind, C. Lifetime reproductive output in a hermaphrodite cestode when reproducing alone or in pairs. Evol. Ecol. 13, 381–394 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
McCullagh, J. S. Mixed-mode chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 24, 483–494. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.4322 (2010).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Dunn, P. J., Honch, N. V. & Evershed, R. P. Comparison of liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) for the determination of collagen amino acid delta13C values for palaeodietary and palaeoecological reconstruction. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 25, 2995–3011. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5174 (2011).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Fry, B., Carter, J. F., Yamada, K., Yoshida, N. & Juchelka, D. Position-specific (13) C/(12) C analysis of amino acid carboxyl groups—Automated flow-injection-analysis based on reaction with ninhydrin. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8126 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Marks, R. G. H., Jochmann, M. A., Brand, W. A. & Schmidt, T. C. How to couple LC-IRMS with HRMS─A proof-of-concept study. Anal Chem 94, 2981–2987 (2022).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Sun, Y. et al. A method for stable carbon isotope measurement of underivatized individual amino acids by multi-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography and elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 34, e8885. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8885 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Werner, R. A. & Brand, W. A. Referencing strategies and techniques in stable isotope ratio analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 15, 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.258 (2001).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Köster, D., Villalobos, I. M. S., Jochmann, M. A., Brand, W. A. & Schmidt, T. C. New concepts for the determination of oxidation efficiencies in liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 91, 5067–5073. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05315 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Boschker, H. T., Moerdijk-Poortvliet, T. C., van Breugel, P., Houtekamer, M. & Middelburg, J. J. A versatile method for stable carbon isotope analysis of carbohydrates by high-performance liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 22, 3902–3908. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3804 (2008).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar  More

Hou J, Sun J, Fang Q. A fluorinated low dielectric polymer at high frequency derived from allylphenol and benzocyclobutene by a facile route. Eur Polym J. 2022;163:110943–9.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Qiu Z, Wu S, Li Z, Zhang S, Xing W, Liu S. Sulfonated Poly(arylene-co-naphthalimide)s Synthesized by Copolymerization of Primarily Sulfonated Monomer and Fluorinated Naphthalimide Dichlorides as Novel Polymers for Proton Exchange Membranes. Macromolecules 2006;39:6425–32.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Schönberger F, Chromik A, Kerres J. Synthesis and characterization of novel (sulfonated) poly(arylene ether)s with pendent trifluoromethyl groups. Polymer 2009;50:2010–24.Article 

Google Scholar 
Chen JC, Liu YC, Ju JJ, Chiang CJ, Chern YT. Synthesis, characterization and hydrolysis of aromatic polyazomethines containing non-coplanar biphenyl structures. Polymer 2011;52:954–64.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Liaw DJ, Huang CC, Chen WH. Color lightness and highly organosoluble fluorinated polyamides, polyimides and poly(amide–imide)s based on noncoplanar 2,2’-dimethyl-4,4’-biphenylene units. Polymer 2006;47:2337–48.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Shohbuke E, Kobayashi Y, Okubayashi S. Effects of acrylate monomers containing alkyl groups on water and oil repellent treatments of polyester fabrics. Colloids. Surf. A: Physicochem Eng Asp. 2021;631:127632–9.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Sun Y, Zhao X, Liu R, Chen G, Zhou X. Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyacrylate as water and oil repellent and soil release finishing agent for polyester fabric. Prog Org Coat. 2018;123:306–13.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Tang W, Huang Y, Qing FL. Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyacrylate graft copolymers capable as water and oil repellent finishing agents. J Appl Polym Sci. 2011;119:84–92.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Jiang J, Zhang G, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Zhan X, Chen F. Novel Fluorinated Polymers Containing Short Perfluorobutyl Side Chains and Their Super Wetting Performance on Diverse Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8:10513–23.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Honda K, Morita M, Otsuka H, Takahara A. Molecular Aggregation Structure and Surface Properties of Poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate) Thin Films. Macromolecules 2005;38:5699–705.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Shaver AT, Yin K, Borjigin H, Zhang W, Choudhury SR, Baer E, Mecham SJ, Riffle JS, McGrath JE. Fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone)s for high temperature dielectrics. Polymer 2016;83:199–204.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Attwood TE, Dawson PC, Freeman JL, Hoy LRJ, Rose JB, Staniland PA. Synthesis and properties of polyaryletherketones. Polymer. 1981;22:1096–103.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yonezawa N, Okamoto A. Synthesis of Wholly Aromatic Polyketones. Polym J. 2009;41:899–928.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Maeyama K, Ito S. Synthesis of aromatic poly(ether ketone)s bearing 9,9-dialkylfuorene-2,7-diyl units through nucleophilic aromatic substitution polymerization. Polym Bull.2018;75:5763–76.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Blundell DJ, Osborn BN. The morphology of poly(aryl-ether-ether ketone). Polymer 1983;24:953–8.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Maeyama K, Hikiji I, Ogura K, Okamoto A, Ogino K, Saito H, Yonezawa N. Synthesis of Optically Active Aromatic Poly(ether ketone)s via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Polymerization. Polym J. 2005;37:707–10.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Liu Q, Zhang S, Wang Z, Chen Y, Jian X. Effect of pendent phenyl and bis-phthalazinone moieties on the properties of N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone ketone)s. Polymer 2020;198:122525–34.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Eaton PE, Carlson GR, Lee JT. Phosphorus Pentoxide-Methanesulfonic Acid. A Convenient Alternative to Polyphosphoric Acid. J Org Chem. 1973;38:4071–3.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Nowacki B, Iamazaki E, Cirpan A, Karasz F, Atvars TDZ, Akcelrud L. Highly efficient polymer blends from a polyfluorene derivative and PVK for LEDs. Polymer 2009;50:6057–64.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Wang TQ, Zhao SL, Zhang WM, Lin HX, Cui YM. Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and optical properties of novel 9,9-diethyl-1,2-diaryl-1,9-dihydrofluoreno[2,3-d]imidazoles. Monatsh Chem. 2016;147:1991–9.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Chen J, Onogi S, Hsieh YC, Hsiao CC, Higashibayashi S, Sakurai H, Wu YT. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Methylene-Bridged Polyarenes: Synthesis and Structures of 9-Arylfluorene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal. 2012;354:1551–8.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Manuel S, Anne S, Larissa AC, Stefan M. Uniform shape monodisperse single chain nanocrystals by living aqueous catalytic polymerization. Nat Commun.2019;10:2592.Article 

Google Scholar 
Lee KS, Lee JS. Synthesis of Highly Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether sulfide) for Polymeric Optical Waveguides. Chem Mater. 2006;18:4519–25.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Natarajan P, Vagicherla VD, Vijayan MT. A mild oxidation of deactivated naphthalenes and anthracenes to corresponding para-quinones by N-bromosuccinimide. Tetrahedron Lett. 2014;55:3511–5.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Faury T, Dumur F, Clair S, Abel M, Porte L, Gigmes D. Side functionalization of diboronic acid precursors for covalent organic frameworks. Cryst Eng Comm. 2013;15:2067–75.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Shaposhnikova VV, Tkachenko AS, Zvukova ND, Peregudov AS, Klemenkova ZS, Ponomarev AF, Il´yasov VK, Lachinov AN, Salazkin SN. New possibilities for the effective influence on the charge transport in poly(arylene ether ketones) without using phthalide-containing fragments in the polymer chains. Rus Chem Bull Int Ed. 2016;65:502–6.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Owens DK, Wendt RC. Estimation of the Surface Free Energy of Polymers. J Appl Polym Sci. 1969;13:1741–7.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Fox HW, Zisman WA. The spreading of liquids on low energy surfaces. I. Polytetrafluoroethylene. J Colloid Sci. 1950;5:514–31.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar  More

Authors and AffiliationsStatistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, ItalyFrancesco N. Tubiello, Giulia Conchedda, Leon Casse & Giorgia De SantisDigitization and Informatics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, ItalyHao Pengyu & Chen ZhongxinInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, AustriaSteffen FritzGeospatial Unit, Land and Water Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, ItalyDouglas MuchoneyAuthorsFrancesco N. TubielloGiulia ConcheddaLeon CasseHao PengyuChen ZhongxinGiorgia De SantisSteffen FritzDouglas MuchoneyCorresponding authorCorrespondence to
Francesco N. Tubiello. More

Our main objective was to test the SJH (positing that adolescents living in “traditional”, non-industrial environments will more closely fulfil their “biological/natural” sleep requirements25,26) by comparing sleep deprivation among adolescents in rural and urban societies. The SJH argues that adolescent “biological/natural” sleep quotas and circadian cycles can be ascertained from free days, when sleep patterns are minimally shaped by social commitments5,37. Therefore, we predicted that sleep deprivation would be rare in the more rural agricultural settings of Puebla and Campeche but more frequent among participants in Mexico City. Likewise, we predicted that we would not see sleep deprivation on free days among any of the rural participants.Our predictions were not supported, instead, we found that short sleep quotas during school nights are common in both rural agricultural settings, with over 75% of adolescents in each group sleeping  More

Ehrlich PR, Raven PH. Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution. 1964;18:586–608.Article 

Google Scholar 
Marston MF, Pierciey FJ Jr, Shepard A, Gearin G, Qi J, Yandava C, et al. Rapid diversification of coevolving marine Synechococcus and a virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:4544–9.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Hall AR, Scanlan PD, Buckling A. Bacteria-phage coevolution and the emergence of generalist pathogens. Am Nat. 2011;177:44–53.Article 

Google Scholar 
Badger MR, Andrews TJ, Whitney SM, Ludwig M, Yellowlees DC, Leggat W, et al. The diversity and coevolution of Rubisco, plastids, pyrenoids, and chloroplast-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms in algae. Can J Bot. 1998;76:1052–71.CAS 

Google Scholar 
Schluter D. The ecology of adaptive radiation. Oxford, UK: University Press; 2000.Buckling A, Maclean CR, Brockhurst MA, Colegrave N. The Beagle in a bottle. Nature. 2009;457:824–9.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Thompson JN. The coevolutionary process. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press; 1994.Vallina SM, Follows MJ, Dutkiewicz S, Montoya JM, Cermeno P, Loreau M. Global relationship between phytoplankton diversity and productivity in the ocean. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4299.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Jürgens K, Matz C. Predation as a shaping force for the phenotypic and genotypic composition of planktonic bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002;81:413–34.Article 

Google Scholar 
Wildschutte H, Wolfe DM, Tamewitz A, Lawrence JG. Protozoan predation, diversifying selection, and the evolution of antigenic diversity in Salmonella. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:10644–9.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Thompson JN. The geographic mosaic of coevolution. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press; 2005.Hahn MW, Höfle MG. Grazing of protozoa and its effect on populations of aquatic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2001;35:113–21.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Fuhrman JA, Noble RT. Viruses and protists cause similar bacterial mortality in coastal seawater. Limnol Oceanogr. 1995;40:1236–42.Article 

Google Scholar 
Azam F, Fenchel T, Field JG, Gray JS, Meyer-Reil LA, Thingstad F. The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 1983;10:257–63.Article 

Google Scholar 
Lankau RA, Strauss SY. Mutual feedbacks maintain both genetic and species diversity in a plant community. Science. 2007;317:1561–3.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Hogle SL, Hepolehto I, Ruokolainen L, Cairns J, Hiltunen T. Effects of phenotypic variation on consumer coexistence and prey community structure. Ecol Lett. 2022:25;307–19.Yoshida T, Jones LE, Ellner SP, Fussmann GF, Hairston NG Jr. Rapid evolution drives ecological dynamics in a predator-prey system. Nature. 2003;424:303–6.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
McClean D, McNally L, Salzberg LI, Devine KM, Brown SP, Donohue I. Single gene locus changes perturb complex microbial communities as much as apex predator loss. Nat Commun. 2015;6:8235.Article 

Google Scholar 
Gómez P, Paterson S, De Meester L, Liu X, Lenzi L, Sharma MD, et al. Local adaptation of a bacterium is as important as its presence in structuring a natural microbial community. Nat Commun. 2016;7:12453.Article 

Google Scholar 
Middelboe M, Holmfeldt K, Riemann L, Nybroe O, Haaber J. Bacteriophages drive strain diversification in a marine Flavobacterium: Implications for phage resistance and physiological properties. Environ Microbiol. 2009;11:1971–82.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Lennon JT, Martiny JBH. Rapid evolution buffers ecosystem impacts of viruses in a microbial food web. Ecol Lett. 2008;11:1178–88.Article 

Google Scholar 
Cairns J, Jokela R, Hultman J, Tamminen M, Virta M, Hiltunen T. Construction and characterization of synthetic bacterial community for experimental ecology and evolution. Front Genet. 2018;9:312.Article 

Google Scholar 
Pascual-García A, Bell T. Community-level signatures of ecological succession in natural bacterial communities. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2386.Article 

Google Scholar 
Rivett DW, Bell T. Abundance determines the functional role of bacterial phylotypes in complex communities. Nat Microbiol. 2018;3:767–72.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Cairns J, Moerman F, Fronhofer EA, Altermatt F, Hiltunen T. Evolution in interacting species alters predator life-history traits, behaviour and morphology in experimental microbial communities. Proc Biol Sci. 2020;287:20200652.
Google Scholar 
Cooke DP, Wedge DC, Lunter G. A unified haplotype-based method for accurate and comprehensive variant calling. Nat Biotechnol. 2021;39:885–92.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Cingolani P, Platts A, Wang LL, Coon M, Nguyen T, Wang L, et al. A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, SnpEff: SNPs in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster strain w1118; iso-2; iso-3. Fly. 2012;6:80–92.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Liao Y, Smyth GK, Shi W. featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. Bioinformatics. 2014;30:923–30.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Huerta-Cepas J, Forslund K, Coelho LP, Szklarczyk D, Jensen LJ, von Mering C, et al. Fast genome-wide functional annotation through orthology assignment by eggNOG-Mapper. Mol Biol Evol. 2017;34:2115–22.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Huerta-Cepas J, Szklarczyk D, Heller D, Hernández-Plaza A, Forslund SK, Cook H, et al. eggNOG 5.0: a hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:D309–14.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Blin K, Shaw S, Steinke K, Villebro R, Ziemert N, Lee SY, et al. antiSMASH 5.0: updates to the secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47:W81–7.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Good BH, McDonald MJ, Barrick JE, Lenski RE, Desai MM. The dynamics of molecular evolution over 60,000 generations. Nature. 2017;551:45–50.Article 

Google Scholar 
Timonen J, Mannerström H, Vehtari A, Lähdesmäki H. lgpr: an interpretable nonparametric method for inferring covariate effects from longitudinal data. Bioinformatics. 2021;37:1860–7.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Willis AD, Martin BD. Estimating diversity in networked ecological communities. Biostatistics. 2022;23:207–22.Article 

Google Scholar 
Willis A, Bunge J, Whitman T. Improved detection of changes in species richness in high diversity microbial communities. J R Stat Soc C. 2017;66:963–77.Article 

Google Scholar 
Anderson MJ. A new method for non‐parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol. 2001:26;32–46.Anderson MJ. Distance-based tests for homogeneity of multivariate dispersions. Biometrics. 2006;62:245–53.Article 

Google Scholar 
Martin BD, Witten D, Willis AD. Modeling microbial abundances and dysbiosis with beta-binomial regression. Ann Appl Stat. 2020;14:94–115.Article 

Google Scholar 
Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15:550.Article 

Google Scholar 
Zhang Y, Thompson KN, Huttenhower C, Franzosa EA. Statistical approaches for differential expression analysis in metatranscriptomics. Bioinformatics. 2021;37:i34–41.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Abdi H, Williams LJ, Valentin D, Bennani-Dosse M. STATIS and DISTATIS: optimum multitable principal component analysis and three way metric multidimensional scaling. WIREs Comp Stat. 2012;4:124–67.Charrad M, Ghazzali N, Boiteau V, Niknafs A. NbClust: an R package for determining the relevant number of clusters in a data set. J Stat Softw. 2014;61:1–36.Article 

Google Scholar 
Zhu A, Ibrahim JG, Love MI. Heavy-tailed prior distributions for sequence count data: removing the noise and preserving large differences. Bioinformatics. 2019;35:2084–92.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yu G, Wang L-G, Han Y, He Q-Y. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 2012;16:284–7.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28:27–30.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Wichman HA, Badgett MR, Scott LA, Boulianne CM, Bull JJ. Different trajectories of parallel evolution during viral adaptation. Science. 1999;285:422–4.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Lieberman TD, Michel J-B, Aingaran M, Potter-Bynoe G, Roux D, Davis MR Jr, et al. Parallel bacterial evolution within multiple patients identifies candidate pathogenicity genes. Nat Genet. 2011;43:1275–80.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Lebeuf-Taylor E, McCloskey N, Bailey SF, Hinz A, Kassen R. The distribution of fitness effects among synonymous mutations in a gene under directional selection. Elife. 2019;8:e45952.Article 

Google Scholar 
Bailey SF, Hinz A, Kassen R. Adaptive synonymous mutations in an experimentally evolved Pseudomonas fluorescens population. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4076.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Mukherjee S, Jemielita M, Stergioula V, Tikhonov M, Bassler BL. Photosensing and quorum sensing are integrated to control Pseudomonas aeruginosa collective behaviors. PLoS Biol. 2019;17:e3000579.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Segura A, Hurtado A, Duque E, Ramos JL. Transcriptional phase variation at the flhB gene of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E is involved in response to environmental changes and suggests the participation of the flagellar export system in solvent tolerance. J Bacteriol. 2004;186:1905–9.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Lee X, Reimmann C, Greub G, Sufrin J, Croxatto A. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid inhibits growth and induces encystment in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Microbes Infect. 2012;14:268–72.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Montagnes DJS, Barbosa AB, Boenigk J, Davidson K, Jürgens K, Macek M, et al. Selective feeding behaviour of key free-living protists: avenues for continued study. Aquat Micro Ecol. 2008;53:83–98.Article 

Google Scholar 
Collins K, editor. Tetrahymena thermophila. New York: Academic Press, Elsevier; 2012.Ruehle MD, Orias E, Pearson CG. Tetrahymena as a unicellular model eukaryote: genetic and genomic tools. Genetics. 2016;203:649–65.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Plum K, Tarkington J, Zufall RA. Experimental evolution in Tetrahymena. Microorganisms. 2022;10:1–11.Heard E, Martienssen RA. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: myths and mechanisms. Cell. 2014;157:95–109.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Jones ML, Rivett DW, Pascual-García A, Bell T. Relationships between community composition, productivity and invasion resistance in semi-natural bacterial microcosms. Elife. 2021;10:1–25.Kertesz MA. Riding the sulfur cycle-metabolism of sulfonates and sulfate esters in gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2000;24:135–75.CAS 

Google Scholar 
Park C, Shin B, Park W. Protective role of bacterial alkanesulfonate monooxygenase under oxidative stress. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2020;86:1–14.Shatalin K, Shatalina E, Mironov A, Nudler E. H2S: a universal defense against antibiotics in bacteria. Science. 2011;334:986–90.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Ong C-LY, Beatson SA, Totsika M, Forestier C, McEwan AG, Schembri MA. Molecular analysis of type 3 fimbrial genes from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Citrobacter species. BMC Microbiol. 2010;10:183.Article 

Google Scholar 
McNally L, Brown SP. Building the microbiome in health and disease: niche construction and social conflict in bacteria. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015;370:1–8.Scheuerl T, Cairns J, Becks L, Hiltunen T. Predator coevolution and prey trait variability determine species coexistence. Proc Biol Sci. 2019;286:20190245.
Google Scholar 
Koskella B, Brockhurst MA. Bacteria-phage coevolution as a driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2014;38:916–31.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Wilhelm Scherer H. Sulfur in soils. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci. 2009;172:326–35.Article 

Google Scholar 
Kaya K. Chemistry and biochemistry of taurolipids. Prog Lipid Res. 1992;31:87–108.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Fukami T. Historical contingency in community assembly: integrating niches, species pools, and priority effects. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2015;46:1–23.Article 

Google Scholar 
Debray R, Herbert RA, Jaffe AL, Crits-Christoph A, Power ME, Koskella B. Priority effects in microbiome assembly. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20:109–21.Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Price TD, Qvarnström A, Irwin DE. The role of phenotypic plasticity in driving genetic evolution. Proc Biol Sci. 2003;270:1433–40.Article 

Google Scholar  More

Chakraborty, A. & Jones, T. E. in Natural Heritage of Japan Geoheritage, Geoparks and Geotourism (Conservation and Management Series) (eds Chakraborty, A. et al.) Ch. 16 (Springer, 2018).Nakamura, K. Possible nascent trench along the eastern Japan Sea as the convergent boundary between Eurasian and North American plates (in Japanese). Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 58, 711–722 (1983).
Google Scholar 
Seno, T. Is northern Honshu a microplate? Tectonophysics 115, 177–196 (1985).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ogawa, Y., Takami, Y. & Takazawa, S. in Formation and Applications of the Sedimentary Record in Arc Collision Zones Vol. 436 (eds Draut, A. E. at al.) 155–170 (Geological Society of America, 2008).Tsuya, H. & Morimoto, R. Types of volcanic eruptions in Japan (in Japanese). Bull. Volcanol. 26, 209–222 (1963).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Aoki, Y., Tsunematsu, K. & Yoshimoto, M. Recent progress of geophysical and geological studies of Mt. Fuji Volcano, Japan. Earth Sci. Rev. 194, 264–282 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Tsuchi, R. Geology and groundwater of Mt. Fuji, Japan (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 126, 33–42 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Vittecoq, B., Reninger, P.-A., Lacquement, F., Martelet, G. & Violette, S. Hydrogeological conceptual model of andesitic watersheds revealed by high-resolution heliborne geophysics. Hydrol. Earth Sys. Sci. 23, 2321–2338 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, S. Hydrologic study of volcano Fuji and its adjacent areas (in Japanese). Geogr. Rev. Jpn 43, 267–184 (1970).Article 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, T. & Nakada, S. in Volcanic Hazards, Risks, and Disasters (eds Shroder, J. F. & Papale, P.) 355–376 (Elsevier, 2015).Hasegawa, A. et al. Plate subduction, and generation of earthquakes and magmas in Japan as inferred from seismic observations: an overview. Gondwana Res. 16, 370–400 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Kashiwagi, H. & Nakajima, J. Three‐dimensional seismic attenuation structure of central Japan and deep sources of arc magmatism. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 13746–13755 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Obrochta, S. P. et al. Mt. Fuji Holocene eruption history reconstructed from proximal lake sediments and high-density radiocarbon dating. Quat. Sci. Rev. 200, 395–405 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Tosaki, Y. & Asai, K. Groundwater ages in Mt. Fuji (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 126, 89–104 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Imtiaz, M. et al. Vanadium, recent advancements and research prospects: a review. Environ. Int. 80, 79–88 (2015).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Koshimizu, S., & Tomura, K. (2000). Geochemical behavior of trace vanadium in the spring, groundwater and lake water at the foot of Mt. Fuji, Central Japan. In K. Sato & Y. Iwasa (Eds.), Groundwater Updates. Springer, Tokyo. 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68442-8_29Ono, M. et al. Regional groundwater flow system in a stratovolcano adjacent to a coastal area: a case study of Mt. Fuji and Suruga Bay, Japan. Hydrogeol. J. 27, 717–730 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
UNESCO Fujisan, Sacred Place and Source of Artistic Inspiration (World Heritage Convention, 2013); https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1418Nationally Designated Cultural Properties Database (in Japanese) (Agency of Cultural Affairs Japan, 2020); https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/indexShowa’s 100 Famous Waters of Japan (Ministry of the Environment Japan (MOEJ), 1985); https://www.env.go.jp/water/meisui/Heisei’s 100 Famous Waters of Japan (MOEJ, 2009): https://www.env.go.jp/water/meisui/An Overview of the Bottled Water Market in Japan (Frost & Sullivan, 2016).Fujiyoshida Mineral Water Conservation Association FMWCA Regulations (in Japanese) (Mt. Fuji Springs Inc., 2016); http://fujiyoshida-hozen.org/aboutwater/Adachi, Y. et al. The physiological effects of the undercurrent water from Mt. Fuji on type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. Biomed. Res. Trace Elem. 15, 76–78 (2004).CAS 

Google Scholar 
Isogai, A., Kanada, R., Iawata, H. & Sudo, S. The influence of vanadium on the components of hineka (in Japanese). J. Brew. Soc. Jpn 107, 443–450 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
Tamada, Y., Tokui, M., Yamashita, N., Kubodera, T. & Akashi, T. Analyzing the relationship between the inorganic element profile of sake dilution water and dimethyl trisulfide formation using multi-element profiling. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 127, 710–713 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
London Sake Challenge 2018: Awarded Sake (Sake Somelier Association (SSA), 2018); https://londonsakechallenge.com/awarded-sake-2019/London Sake Challenge 2019: Awarded Sake (SSA, 2019); https://londonsakechallenge.com/awarded-sake-2019/Yasuhara, M., Hayashi, T. & Asai, K. Overview of the special issue “Groundwater in Mt. Fuji”. J. Geogr. 126, 25–27 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Yasuhara, M., Hayashi, T., Asai, K., Uchiyama, M. & Nakamura, T. Overview of the special issue “Groundwater in Mt. Fuji (Part 2)”. J. Geogr. 129, 657–660 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Gmati, S., Tase, N., Tsujimura, M. & Tosaki, Y. Aquifers interaction in the southwestern foot of Mt. Fuji, Japan, examined through hydrochemistry and statistical analyses. Hydrol. Res. Lett. 5, 58–63 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ikeda, K. Water-sediments interaction of salinized groundwater, and its chemical compositions in coastal areas (in Japanese). Jpn. J. Limnol. 46, 303–314 (1985).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kato, K. et al. Unveiled groundwater flushing from the deep seafloor in Suruga Bay. Limnology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-014-0445-0 (2015).Segawa, T. et al. Microbes in groundwater of a volcanic mountain, Mt. Fuji; 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis as a possible indicator for the transport routes of groundwater. Geomicrobiol. J. 32, 677–688 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sugiyama, A., Masuda, S., Nagaosa, K., Tsujimura, M. & Kato, K. Tracking the direct impact of rainfall on groundwater at Mt. Fuji by multiple analyses including microbial DNA. Biogeosciences 15, 721–732 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yasuhara, M., Kazahaya, K. & Marui, A. in Fuji Volcano (eds Aramaki, S. et al.) 389–405 (Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2007).Tsuchi, R. in Fuji Volcano (eds Aramaki, S. et al.) 375–387 (Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2007).Takada, A., Yamamoto, T., Ishizuka, Y. & Nakano, S. in Miscellaneous Map Series No. 12, 56 (Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2016).Uchiyama, T. Hydrogeological structure and hydrological characterization in the northern foot area of Fuji volcano, central Japan (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 129, 697–724 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ikawa, R. et al. in S-5: Seamless Geoinformation of Coastal Zone “Northern Coastal Zone of Suruga Bay” (GSJ, AIST, 2016).AIST 2014 Marine Geological and Environmental Survey Confirmation Technology Development Results Report (in Japanese) (AIST, 2015).AIST 2015 Marine Geological and Environmental Survey Confirmation Technology Development Results Report (in Japanese) (AIST, 2016).Lin, A., Iida, K. & Tanaka, H. On-land active thrust faults of the Nankai–Suruga subduction zone: the Fujikawa-kako Fault Zone, central Japan. Tectonophysics 601, 1–19 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
Fujita, E. et al. Stress field change around the Mount Fuji volcano magma system caused by the Tohoku megathrust earthquake, Japan. Bull. Volcanol. 75, 679 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
Kano, K.-I., Odawara, K., Yamamoto, G. & Ito, T. Tectonics of the Fujikawa-kako Fault Zone around the Hoshiyama Hills, central Japan, since 1 Ma. Geosci. Rep. Shizuoka Univ. 46, 19–49 (2019).
Google Scholar 
Schilling, O. S., Cook, P. G. & Brunner, P. Beyond classical observations in hydrogeology: the advantages of including exchange flux, temperature, tracer concentration, residence time and soil moisture observations in groundwater model calibration. Rev. Geophys. 57, 146–182 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Schilling, O. S. et al. Quantifying groundwater recharge dynamics and unsaturated zone processes in snow-dominated catchments via on-site dissolved gas analysis. Water Resour. Res. 57, e2020WR028479 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
National Hydrological Environment Database of Japan (GSJ, AIST, 2020).Hayashi, T. Understanding the groundwater flow system at the northern part of Mt. Fuji: current issues and prospects (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 129, 677–695 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Yasuhara, M., Marui, A., & Kazahaya, K. (1997). Stable isotopic composition of groundwater from Mt. Yatsugatake and Mt. Fuji, Japan. Proceedings of the Rabat Symposium. Rabat Symposium, April 1997, Wallingford, UK.Jasechko, S. Global isotope hydrogeology—review. Rev. Geophys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000627 (2019).Yaguchi, M., Muramatsu, Y., Chiba, H., Okumura, F. & Ohba, T. The origin and hydrochemistry of deep well waters from the northern foot of Mt. Fuji, central Japan. Geochem. J. 50, 227–239 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Aizawa, K. et al. Gas pathways and remotely triggered earthquakes beneath Mount Fuji, Japan. Geology 44, 127–130 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kipfer, R. et al. Injection of mantle type helium into Lake Van (Turkey): the clue for quantifying deep water renewal. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 125, 357–370 (1994).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kipfer, R., Aeschbach-Hertig, W., Peeters, F. & Stute, M. in Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Vol. 47 (eds Porcelli, D. et al.) Ch. 14 (De Gruyter, 2002).Sano, Y. & Fischer, T. P. in The Noble Gases as Geochemical Tracers: Advances in isotope geochemistry (ed. Burnard, O.) Ch. 10 (Springer, 2013).Sano, Y. & Wakita, H. Distribution of 3He/4He ratios and its implications for geotectonic structure of the Japanese Islands. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 8729–8741 (1985).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Tomonaga, Y. et al. Fluid dynamics along the Nankai Trough: He isotopes reveal direct seafloor mantle-fluid emission in the Kumano Basin (Southwest Japan). ACS Earth Space Chem. 4, 2015–2112 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Chen, A. et al. Mantle fluids associated with crustal-scale faulting in a continental subduction setting, Taiwan. Sci Rep. 9, 10805 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Crossey, L. J. et al. Continental smokers couple mantle degassing and distinctive microbiology within continents. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 435, 22–30 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Crossey, L. J. et al. Degassing of mantle-derived CO2 and He from springs in the southern Colorado Plateau region—neotectonic connections and implications for groundwater systems. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 121, 1034–1053 (2009).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kusuda, C., Iwamori, H., Nakamura, H., Kazahaya, K. & Morikawa, N. Arima hot spring waters as a deep-seated brine from subducting slab. Earth Planets Space 66, 119 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sano, Y., Kameda, A., Takahata, N., Yamamoto, J. & Nakajima, J. Tracing extinct spreading center in SW Japan by helium-3 emanation. Chem. Geol. 266, 50–56 (2009).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Sano, Y. et al. Groundwater helium anomaly reflects strain change during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Southwest Japan. Sci. Rep. 6, 37939 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Peeters, F. et al. Improving noble gas based paleoclimate reconstruction and groundwater dating using 20Ne/22Ne ratios. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 587–600 (2002).Article 

Google Scholar 
Reimann, C. & de Caritat, P. Chemical Elements in the Environment 398 (Springer, 1998).Hamada, T. in Vanadium in the Environment. Part 1: Chemistry and Biochemistry Advances in Environmental Sciences and Technology Vol. 10 (ed. Nriagu, J. O.) 97–123 (Wiley & Sons, 1998).Koshimizu, S. & Kyotani, T. Geochemical behaviors of multi-elements in water samples from the Fuji and Sagami Rivers, Central Japan, using vanadium as an effective indicator. Jpn J. Limnol. 63, 113–124 (2002).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Sohrin, R. in Green Science and Technology (eds Park, E. Y. et al.) Ch. 7 (CRC, 2019).Wehrli, B. & Stumm, W. Oxygenation of vanadyl(IV). Effect of coordinated surface hydroxyl groups and hydroxide ion. Langmuir 4, 753–758 (1988).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Wright, M. T. & Belitz, K. Factors controlling the regional distribution of vanadium in groundwater. Ground Water 48, 515–525 (2010).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Deverel, S. J., Goldberg, S. & Fujii, R. in Agricultural salinity assessment and management (eds W.W. Wallender & K.K. Tanji) 89–137 (American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012).Wehrli, B. & Stumm, W. Vanadyl in natural waters: adsorption and hydrolysis promote oxygenation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 69–77 (1989).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Chen, G. & Liu, H. Understanding the reduction kinetics of aqueous vanadium(V) and transformation products using rotating ring-disk electrodes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 11643–11651 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Telfeyan, K., Johannesson, K. H., Mohajerin, T. J. & Palmore, C. D. Vanadium geochemistry along groundwater flow paths in contrasting aquifers of the United States: Carrizo Sand (Texas) and Oasis Valley (Nevada) aquifers. Chem. Geol. 410, 63–78 (2015).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kan, K. et al. Archaea in Yellowstone Lake. ISME J. 5, 1784–1795 (2011).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Wong, H. L. et al. Dynamics of archaea at fine spatial scales in Shark Bay mat microbiomes. Sci. Rep. 7, 46160 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Ikeda, K. A study on chemical characteristics of ground water in Fuji area (in Japanese). J. Groundw. Hydrol. 24, 77–93 (1982).
Google Scholar 
Aizawa, K. et al. Hydrothermal system beneath Mt. Fuji volcano inferred from magnetotellurics and electric self-potential. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 235, 343–355 (2005).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, T., Takada, A., Ishizuka, Y., Miyaji, N. & Tajima, Y. Basaltic pyroclastic flows of Fuji volcano, Japan: characteristics of the deposits and their origin. Bull. Volcanol. 67, 622–633 (2005).Article 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, T., Takada, A., Ishizuka, Y. & Nakano, S. Chronology of the products of Fuji volcano based on new radiometoric carbon ages (in Japanese). Bull. Volcanol. 50, 53–70 (2005).CAS 

Google Scholar 
Aizawa, K., Yoshimura, R. & Oshiman, N. Splitting of the Philippine Sea Plate and a magma chamber beneath Mt. Fuji. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L09603 (2004).Article 

Google Scholar 
Nakamura, H., Iwamori, H. & Kimura, J.-I. Geochemical evidence for enhanced fluid flux due to overlapping subducting plates. Nat. Geosci. 1, 380–384 (2008).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kaneko, T., Yasuda, A., Fujii, T. & Yoshimoto, M. Crypto-magma chambers beneath Mt. Fuji. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 193, 161–170 (2010).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Tsuya, H., Machida, H., & Shimozuru, D. (1988). Geology of volcano Mt. Fuji. Explanatory text of the geologic map of Mt. Fuji (scale 1:50,000; second printing). Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ), Tsukuba, Japan.Yoshimoto, M. et al. Evolution of Mount Fuji, Japan: inference from drilling into the subaerial oldest volcano, pre-Komitake. Isl. Arc. 19, 470–488 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
Shikazono, N., Arakawa, T. & Nakano, T. Groundwater quality, flow, and nitrogen pollution at the southern foot of Mt. Fuji (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 123, 323–342 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
Tosaki, Y., Tase, N., Sasa, K., Takahashi, T. & Nagashima, Y. Estimation of groundwater residence time using the 36Cl bomb pulse. Groundwater 49, 891–902 (2011).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, T. Geology of the Southwestern Part of Fuji Volcano (in Japanese) 27 (GSJ, AIST, 2014).Tsuya, H. Geology of volcano Mt. Fuji. Explanatory text of the geologic map of Mt. Fuji (scale 1:50,000). Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan. (1968).Tomiyama, S., Ii, H., Miyaike, S., Hattori, R. & Ito, Y. Estimation of the sources and flow system of groundwater in Fuji-Gotenba area by stable isotopic analysis and groundwater flow simulation (in Japanese). Bunseki Kagaku 58, 865–872 (2009).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Oguchi, T. & Oguchi, C. T. in Geomorphological Landscapes of the World (ed. Migoń, P.) Ch. 31 (Springer, 2010).Mean Annual Precipitation from 1981-2010 Recorded at the Four Mt. Fuji Observatories (Mishima, Fuji, Furuseki, Yamanaka) (Japan Meteorological Agency, 2015).Schilling, O. S., Park, Y.-J., Therrien, R. & Nagare, R. M. Integrated surface and subsurface hydrological modeling with snowmelt and pore water freeze-thaw. Groundwater 57, 63–74 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sakio, H. & Masuzawa, T. Advancing timberline on Mt. Fuji between 1978 and 2018. Plants 9, 1537 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Asai, K. & Koshimizu, S. 3H/3He-based groundwater ages for springs located at the foot of Mt. Fuji (in Japanese). J. Groundw. Hydrol. 61, 291–298 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sakai, Y., Shita, K., Koshimizu, S. & Tomura, K. Geochemical study of trace vanadium in water by preconcentrational neutron activation analysis. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 216, 203–212 (1997).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Nahar, S. & Zhang, J. Concentration and distribution of organic and inorganic water pollutants in eastern Shizuoka, Japan. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2011.610498 (2011).Kamitani, T., Watanabe, M., Muranaka, Y., Shin, K.-C. & Nakano, T. Geographical characteristics and sources of dissolved ions in groundwater at the southern part of Mt. Fuji (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 126, 43–71 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Kawagucci, S. et al. Disturbance of deep-sea environments induced by the M9.0 Tohoku earthquake. Sci Rep. 2, 270 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
Uchida, N. & Bürgmann, R. A decade of lessons learned from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Rev. Geophys. 59, e2020RG000713 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Mahara, Y., Igarashi, T. & Tanaka, Y. Groundwater ages of confined aquifer in Mishima lava flow, Shizuoka (in Japanese). J. Groundw. Hydrol. 35, 201–215 (1993).Article 

Google Scholar 
Nakamura, T. et al. Sources of water and nitrate in springs at the northern foot of Mt. Fuji and nitrate loading in the Katsuragawa River (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 126, 73–88 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Notsu, K., Mori, T., Sumino, H. & Ohno, M. in Fuji Volcano (eds Aramaki, S. et al.) 173–182 (Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2007).Ogata, M. & Kobayashi, H. Hydrologic Science Research for the Management and Utilization of Ground Water Resources in the Northern Piedmont Area of Mt. Fuji: Fluorine Ion and Vanadium Contained in Ground Water at the Northern Foot of Mt. Fuji (Yamanashi Industrial Technology Center, 2015).Ogata, M., Kobayashi, H. & Koshimizu, S. Concentration of fluorine in groundwater and groundwater table at the northern foot of Mt. Fuji (in Japanese). J. Groundw. Hydrol. 56, 35–51 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ohno, M., Sumino, H., Hernandez, P. A., Sato, T. & Nagao, K. Helium isotopes in the Izu Peninsula, Japan: relation of magma and crustal activity. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 199, 118–126 (2011).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Okabe, S., Shibasaki, M., Oikawa, T., Kawaguchi, Y. & Nihongi, H. Geochemical studies of spring and lake waters on and around Mt. Fuji (in Japanese). J. Sch. Mar. Sci. Technol. Tokai Univ. 14, 81–105 (1981).CAS 

Google Scholar 
Ono, M., Ikawa, R., Machida, H. & Marui, A. Distribution of radon concentration in groundwater at the southwestern foot of Mt. Fuji (in Japanese). Radioisotopes 65, 431–439 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Tosaki, Y. Estimation of Groundwater Residence Time Using Bomb-Produced Chlorine-36. PhD thesis, Univ. Tsukuba (2008).Umeda, K., Asamori, K. & Kusano, T. Release of mantle and crustal helium from a fault following an inland earthquake. Appl. Geochem. 37, 134–141 (2013).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, C. Estimation of Groundwater Flow System Using Multi-tracer Techniques in Mt. Fuji, Japan. (in Japanese) PhD thesis, Univ. Tsukuba (2016).Yamamoto, S. & Nakamura, T. Visit to valuable water springs (129) valuable water at the northern foot of Mount Fuji (Fuji-Kawaguchiko Town) (in Japanese). J. Groundw. Hydrol. 62, 329–336 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, S. et al. Water sources of lake bottom springs in Lake Kawaguchi, northern foot of Mount Fuji, Japan (in Japanese). J. Geogr. 129, 665–676 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, S., Nakamura, T. & Uchiyama, T. Newly discovered lake bottom springs from Lake Kawaguchi, the northern foot of Mount Fuji, Japan (in Japanese). J. Jpn Assoc. Hydrol. Sci. 47, 49–59 (2017).
Google Scholar 
Yamamoto, S., Nakamura, T., Koishikawa, H. & Uchiyama, T. Water quality of shallow groundwater in the southern coast area of Lake Kawaguchi at the northern foot of Mt. Fuji, Yamanashi, Japan (in Japanese). Mt Fuji Res. 11, 1–9 (2017).
Google Scholar 
Coplen, T. B. Reporting of stable hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopic abundances. Geothermics 66, 273–276 (1994).CAS 

Google Scholar 
Nimz, G. J. in Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology (eds Kendall, C. & McDonnell, J. J.) Ch. 8 (Elsevier, 1998).Bullen, T. D. & Kendall, C. in Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology (eds Kendall, C. & McDonnell, J. J.) Ch. 18 (Elsevier, 1998).Vanadium Pentoxide and Other Inorganic Vanadium Compounds Vol. 29 (WHO, 2001).Nagai, T., Takahashi, M., Hirahara, Y. & Shuto, K. Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of volcanic rocks from Fuji, Komitake and Ashitaka Volcanoes, Central Japan (in Japanese). Proc. Inst. Nat. Sci. Nihon Univ. 39, 205–215 (2004).CAS 

Google Scholar 
Hogan, J. F. & Blum, J. D. Tracing hydrologic flow paths in a small forested watershed using variations in 87Sr/86Sr, [Ca]/[Sr], [Ba]/[Sr] and δ18O. Water Resour. Res. 39, 1282 (2003).Article 

Google Scholar 
Koshikawa, M. K. et al. Using isotopes to determine the contribution of volcanic ash to Sr and Ca in stream waters and plants in a granite watershed, Mt. Tsukuba, central Japan. Environ. Earth Sci. 75, 501 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Graustein, W. C. in Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research Ecological Studies (Analysis and Synthesis) (eds Rundel, JP.W. et al.) Ch. 28 (Springer, 1989).Cook, P. G. & Böhlke, J.-K. in Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology (eds Cook, P. G. & Herczeg, A. L.) Ch. 1 (Springer, 2000).Aeschbach-Hertig, W. & Solomon, D. K. in The Noble Gases as Geochemical Tracers (ed. Burnard, P.) Ch. 5 (Springer, 2013).Popp, A. L. et al. A framework for untangling transient groundwater mixing and travel times. Water Resour. Res. 57, e2020WR028362 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Schilling, O. S. et al. Advancing physically-based flow simulations of alluvial systems through observations of 222Rn, 3H/3He, atmospheric noble gases and the novel 37Ar tracer method. Water Resour. Res. 53, 10465–10490 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Tomonaga, Y. et al. Using noble-gas and stable-isotope data to determine groundwater origin and flow regimes: applicatoin to the Ceneri Base Tunnel (Switzerland). J. Hydrol. 545, 395–409 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Niu, Y. et al. Noble gas signatures in the island of Maui, Hawaii – characterizing groundwater sources in fractured systems. Water Resour. Res. 53, 3599–3614 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Warrier, R. B., Castro, M. C. & Hall, C. M. Recharge and source-water insights from the Galapagos Islands using noble gases and stable isotopes. Water Resour. Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010954 (2012).Schilling, O. S. et al. Buried paleo-channel detection with a groundwater model, tracer-based observations, and spatially varying, preferred anisotropy pilot point calibration. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49, e2022GL098944 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
Brennwald, M. S., Schmidt, M., Oser, J. & Kipfer, R. A portable and autonomous mass spectrometric system for on-site environmental gas analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 13455–12463 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Tomonaga, Y. et al. On-line monitoring of the gas composition in the full-scale emplacement experiment at Mont Terri (Switzerland). Appl. Geochem. 100, 234–243 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Brennwald, M. S., Tomonaga, Y. & Kipfer, R. Deconvolution and compensation of mass spectrometric overlap interferences with the miniRUEDI portable mass spectrometer. MethodsX 7, 101038 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Van Rossum, G. & Drake, F. L. Python 3 Reference Manual (CreateSpace, 2009).Beyerle, U. et al. A mass spectrometric system for the analysis of noble gases and tritium from water samples. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34, 2042–2050 (2000).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Clarke, W. B., Jenkins, W. J. & Top, Z. Determination of tritium by mass spectrometric measurement of 3He. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 27, 515–522 (1976).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Bucci, A., Petrella, E., Celivo, F. & Naclerio, G. Use of molecular approaches in hydrogeological studies: the case of carbonate aquifers in southern Italy. Hydrogeol. J. 25, 1017–1031 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Proctor, C. R. et al. Phylogenetic clustering of small low nucleic acid-content bacteria across diverse freshwater ecosystems. ISME J. 12, 1344–1359 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Pronk, M., Goldscheider, N. & Zopfi, J. Microbial communities in karst groundwater and their potential use for biomonitoring. Hydrogeol. J. 17, 37–48 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Miller, J. B., Frisbee, M. D., Hamilton, T. L. & Murugapiran, S. K. Recharge from glacial meltwater is critical for alpine springs and their microbiomes. Environ. Res. Lett. 16, 064012 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Ginn, T. R. et al. in Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences (ed. Anderson, M.G.) Ch. 105 (John Wiley & Sons, 2005).Tufenkji, N. & Emelko, M. B. in Encyclopedia of Environmental Health (ed. Nriagu, J.O.) Vol. 2, 715–726 (Elsevier, 2011).Nevecherya, I. K., Shestakov, V. M., Mazaev, V. T. & Shlepnina, T. G. Survival rate of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in groundwater. Water Res. 32, 209–214 (2005).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Franzosa, E. A. et al. Sequencing and beyond: integrating molecular ‘omics’ for microbial community profiling. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 13, 360–372 (2015).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kimura, H., Ishibashi, J. I., Masuda, H., Kato, K. & Hanada, S. Selective phylogenetic analysis targeting 16S rRNA genes of hyperthermophilic archaea in the deep-subsurface hot biosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 2110–2117 (2007).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Somerville, C. C., Knight, I. T., Straube, W. L. & Colwell, R. R. Simple, rapid method for direct isolation of nucleic-acids from aquatic environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 548–554 (1989).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Takahashi, S., Tomita, J., Nishioka, K., Hisada, T. & Nishijima, M. Development of a prokaryotic universal primer for simultaneous analysis of bacteria and archaea using next-generation sequencing. PLoS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105592 (2014).Wasimuddin et al. Evaluation of primer pairs for microbiome profiling from soils to humans within the One Health framework. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 20, 1558–1571 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Suzuki, Y., Shimizu, H., Kuroda, T., Takada, Y. & Nukazawa, K. Plant debris are hotbeds for pathogenic bacteria on recreational sandy beaches. Sci Rep. 11, 11496 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Bolyen, E. et al. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat. Biotechnol. 37, 852–857 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Caporaso, J. G. et al. QIIME allows analysis of high- throughput community sequencing data. Nat. Methods 7, 335–336 (2010).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
McDonald, D. et al. An improved Greengenes taxonomy with explicit ranks for ecological and evolutionary analyses of bacteria and archaea. ISME J. 6, 610–618 (2012).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
DeSantis, T. Z. et al. Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench compatible with ARB. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 5069–5072 (2006).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
McMurdie, P. J. & Holmes, S. phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS ONE 8, e61217 (2013).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing v.3.6.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2019).Porter, K. G. & Feig, Y. S. The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25, 943–948 (1980).Article 

Google Scholar 
Schilling, O. S. et al. Mt. Fuji hydrogeochemical and microbiological dataset. HydroShare https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.4eac370d12e142b5aa718e5deb57da39 (2022).Gotelli, N. J. & Chao, A. in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity Vol. 5 (ed. Levin, S. A.) 195–211 (Academic, 2013).World Imagery (Esri, 2021); https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=10df2279f9684e4a9f6a7f08febac2a9Elevation Tile Map of Japan (DEM5A; Resolution: 5m) (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI), 2021).Chiba, T., Kaneta, S. & Suzuki, Y. in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry Vol. XXXVII Ch. B2 (Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2008).Air Asia Survey Co. Ltd Red Relief Image Map of Japan (RRIM 10_2016) (GSI, 2016).Active Fault Database of Japan April 26 2019 edn Disclosure database DB095 (AIST, 2019).Bird, P. An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000252 (2003).Van Horne, A., Sato, H. & Ishiyama, T. Evolution of the Sea of Japan back-arc and some unsolved issues. Tectonophysics 710–711, 6–20 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Shannon, C. E. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27, 379–423 (1948).Article 

Google Scholar 
2019 Coastal Disposal System Evaluation Confirmation Technology Results Report (in Japanese) (AIST, 2019). More

Simberloff, D. et al. (eds) Invasive Species in a Globalized World (University of Chicago Press, 2015).
Google Scholar 
Gippet, J. M., Liebhold, A. M., Fenn-Moltu, G. & Bertelsmeier, C. Human-mediated dispersal in insects. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 35, 96–102 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hall, C. M. Biological invasion, biosecurity, tourism, and globalisation. In Handbook of Globalisation and Tourism (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019).
Google Scholar 
Bertelsmeier, C. Globalization and the anthropogenic spread of invasive social insects. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.006 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Simberloff, D. How common are invasion-induced ecosystem impacts?. Biol. Invasions 13, 1255–1268 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hayes, K. R. & Barry, S. C. Are there any consistent predictors of invasion success?. Biol. Invasions 10, 483–506 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
Catford, J. A., Vesk, P. A., Richardson, D. M. & Pyšek, P. Quantifying levels of biological invasion: Towards the objective classification of invaded and invasible ecosystems. Glob. Change Biol. 18, 44–62 (2012).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Arim, M., Abades, S. R., Neill, P. E., Lima, M. & Marquet, P. A. Spread dynamics of invasive species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 374–378 (2006).Article 
ADS 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kamenova, S. et al. Invasions toolkit: Current methods for tracking the spread and impact of invasive species. Adv. Ecol. Res. 56, 85–182 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hulme, P. E. Trade, transport and trouble: Managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. J. Appl. Ecol. 46, 10–18 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Banks, N. C., Paini, D. R., Bayliss, K. L. & Hodda, M. The role of global trade and transport network topology in the human-mediated dispersal of alien species. Ecol. Lett. 18, 188–199 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Crooks, J. A. & Rilov, G. The establishment of invasive species. In Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems 173–175 (Springer, 2009).Chapter 

Google Scholar 
Lockwood, J. L., Cassey, P. & Blackburn, T. M. The more you introduce the more you get: The role of colonization pressure and propagule pressure in invasion ecology. Divers. Distrib. 15, 904–910 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sakai, A. K. et al. The population biology of invasive species. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32, 305–332 (2001).Article 

Google Scholar 
O’Reilly-Nugent, A. et al. Landscape effects on the spread of invasive species. Curr. Landsc. Ecol. Rep. 1, 107–114 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Simberloff, D. We can eliminate invasions or live with them. Successful management projects. In Ecological Impacts of Non-native Invertebrates and Fungi on Terrestrial Ecosystems 149–157 (Springer, 2008).
Google Scholar 
Gutierrez, A. P. & Ponti, L. Eradication of invasive species: Why the biology matters. Environ. Entomol. 42, 395–411 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
McLaughlin, G. M. & Dearden, P. K. Invasive insects: Management methods explored. J. Insect Sci. 19, 17 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Han, J. M. et al. Lycorma delicatula (hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoridae: Aphaeninae) finally, but suddenly arrived in Korea. Entomol. Res. 38, 281–286 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
Park, J.-D. et al. Biological characteristics of lycorma delicatula and the control effects of some insecticides. Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 48, 53–57 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Shin, Y.-H., Moon, S.-R., Yoon, C.-M., Ahn, K.-S. & Kim, G.-H. Insecticidal activity of 26 insectcides against eggs and nymphs of Lycorma delicatula (hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 14, 157–163 (2010).
Google Scholar 
Dara, S. K., Barringer, L. & Arthurs, S. P. Lycorma delicatula (hemiptera: Fulgoridae): A new invasive pest in the United States. J. Integr. Pest Manag. 6, 20 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Urban, J. M. Perspective: Shedding light on spotted lanternfly impacts in the USA. Pest Manag. Sci. 76, 10–17 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Liu, G. Some extracts from the history of entomology in china. Psyche 46, 23–28 (1939).Article 

Google Scholar 
Barringer, L. E., Donovall, L. R., Spichiger, S.-E., Lynch, D. & Henry, D. The first new world record of Lycorma delicatula (insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). Entomol. News 125, 20–23 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Parra, G., Moylett, H. & Bulluck, R. Technical Working Group Summary Report: Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma Delicatula (White, 1845). (2018).Harper, J. K., Stone, W., Kelsey, T. W. & Kime, L. F. Potential Economic Impact of the Spotted Lanternfly on Agriculture and Forestry in Pennsylvania 1–84 (The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, 2019).
Google Scholar 
Kim, J. G., Lee, E.-H., Seo, Y.-M. & Kim, N.-Y. Cyclic behavior of Lycorma delicatula (insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on host plants. J. Insect Behav. 24, 423–435 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Albright, T. A. et al. Pennsylvania forests 2014. Resour. Bull. 111, 1–140 (2017).
Google Scholar 
Liu, H. Oviposition substrate selection, egg mass characteristics, host preference, and life history of the spotted lanternfly (hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in North America. Environ. Entomol. 48, 1452–1468 (2019).
Google Scholar 
Barringer, L. & Ciafré, C. M. Worldwide feeding host plants of spotted lanternfly, with significant additions from North America. Environ. Entomol. 49, 999–1011 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Murman, K. et al. Distribution, survival, and development of spotted lanternfly on host plants found in North America. Environ. Entomol. 49, 1270–1281 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Huron, N. A., Behm, J. E. & Helmus, M. R. Paninvasion severity assessment of a us grape pest to disrupt the global wine market. bioRxiv (2021).Dara, S. K. Update on the Spotted Lanternfly.Jung, J.-M., Jung, S., Byeon, D.-H. & Lee, W.-H. Model-based prediction of potential distribution of the invasive insect pest, spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (hemiptera: Fulgoridae), by using climex. J. Asia-Pac. Biodivers. 10, 532–538 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Namgung, H., Kim, M.-J., Baek, S., Lee, J.-H. & Kim, H. Predicting potential current distribution of Lycorma delicatula (hemiptera: Fulgoridae) using maxent model in south korea. J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 23, 291–297 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Wakie, T. T., Neven, L. G., Yee, W. L. & Lu, Z. The establishment risk of Lycorma delicatula (hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in the United States and globally. J. Econ. Entomol. 113, 306–314 (2020).
Google Scholar 
Grimm, V. et al. A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models. Ecol. Model. 198, 115–126 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
DeAngelis, D. L. Individual-Based Models and Approaches in Ecology: Populations, Communities and Ecosystems (CRC Press, 2018).Book 

Google Scholar 
Łomnicki, A. Individual-based models and the individual-based approach to population ecology. Ecol. Model. 115, 191–198 (1999).Article 

Google Scholar 
Grimm, V. & Railsback, S. F. A conceptual framework for designing individual-based models. In Individual-Based Modeling and Ecology 71–121 (Princeton University Press, 2005).Chapter 
MATH 

Google Scholar 
Smith, N. R. et al. Agent-based models of malaria transmission: A systematic review. Malar. J. 17, 1–16 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Venkatramanan, S. et al. Using data-driven agent-based models for forecasting emerging infectious diseases. Epidemics 22, 43–49 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Harris, C. M., Park, K. J., Atkinson, R., Edwards, C. & Travis, J. Invasive species control: Incorporating demographic data and seed dispersal into a management model for rhododendron ponticum. Ecol. Inform. 4, 226–233 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Gallien, L., Münkemüller, T., Albert, C. H., Boulangeat, I. & Thuiller, W. Predicting potential distributions of invasive species: Where to go from here?. Divers. Distrib. 16, 331–342 (2010).Article 

Google Scholar 
Rebaudo, F., Crespo-Pérez, V., Silvain, J.-F. & Dangles, O. Agent-based modeling of human-induced spread of invasive species in agricultural landscapes: Insights from the potato moth in ecuador. J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul. 14, 7 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Day, C. C., Landguth, E. L., Bearlin, A., Holden, Z. A. & Whiteley, A. R. Using simulation modeling to inform management of invasive species: A case study of eastern brook trout suppression and eradication. Biol. Conserv. 221, 10–22 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Phillips, S. J., Anderson, R. P. & Schapire, R. E. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol. Model. 190, 231–259 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
Phillips, S. J., Dudı’k, M. & Schapire, R. E. A maximum entropy approach to species distribution modeling. In Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference on Machine Learning 83 (2004).Phillips, S. J. et al. A brief tutorial on maxent. AT&T Res. 190, 231–259 (2005).
Google Scholar 
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2020).
Google Scholar 
Urbanek, S. RJava: Low-Level R to Java Interface. (2020).Hijmans, R. J., Phillips, S., Leathwick, J., Elith, J. & Hijmans, M. R. J. Package ‘dismo’. Circles 9, 1–68 (2017).
Google Scholar 
Elith, J. et al. A statistical explanation of maxent for ecologists. Divers. Distrib. 17, 43–57 (2011).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lane, M. A. & Edwards, J. L. The global biodiversity information facility (gbif). Syst. Assoc. Spec. 73, 1 (2007).
Google Scholar 
O’Donnell, M. S. & Ignizio, D. A. Bioclimatic predictors for supporting ecological applications in the conterminous united states. US Geol. Surv. Data Ser. 691, 4–9 (2012).
Google Scholar 
Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. WorldClim 2: New 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 4302–4315 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hijmans, R. J. Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. (2020).Venter, O. et al. Last of the wild project, version 3 (lwp-3): 2009 human footprint, 2018 release. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) 10, H46T40JQ44 (2018).Park, M. Overwintering ecology and population genetics of Lycorma delicatula (hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in Korea. Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Doctoral Thesis (2015).Pearson, K. I. Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. VII. On the correlation of characters not quantitatively measurable. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 195, 1–47 (1900).ADS 
MATH 

Google Scholar 
Warmerdam, F. The geospatial data abstraction library. In Open Source Approaches in Spatial Data Handling 87–104 (Springer, 2008).Chapter 

Google Scholar 
Greenberg, J. A., Mattiuzzi, M. & SystemRequirements, G. Package ‘gdalUtils’. (2020).Domingue, M. J. & Baker, T. C. Orientation of flight for physically disturbed spotted lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula, (Hemiptera, fulgoridae). J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 22, 117–120 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Myrick, A. J. & Baker, T. C. Analysis of anemotactic flight tendencies of the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) during the 2017 mass dispersal flights in pennsylvania. J. Insect Behav. 32, 11–23 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Wolfin, M. S., Myrick, A. J. & Baker, T. C. Flight duration capabilities of dispersing adult spotted lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula. J. Insect Behav. 33, 125–137 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Strömbom, D. & Pandey, S. Modeling the life cycle of the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) with management implications. Math. Biosci. 340, 108670 (2021).Article 
MATH 

Google Scholar 
Wellington, W. G. Conditions governing the distribution of insects in the free atmosphere. Can. Entomol. 77, 7–15 (1945).Article 

Google Scholar 
DeLong, D. M. The bionomics of leafhoppers. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 16, 179–210 (1971).Article 

Google Scholar 
Baker, T. et al. Progression of seasonal activities of adults of the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, during the 2017 season of mass flight dispersal behavior in eastern Pennsylvania. J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 22, 705–713 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Leach, H. & Leach, A. Seasonal phenology and activity of spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) in eastern us vineyards. J. Pest Sci. 93, 1215–1224 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Goutte, C. & Gaussier, E. A probabilistic interpretation of precision, recall and f-score, with implication for evaluation. In European Conference on Information Retrieval 345–359 (Springer, 2005).
Google Scholar 
Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1–48 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Tukey, J. Multiple comparisons. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 48, 624–625 (1953).
Google Scholar 
Mendiburu, F. de & Mendiburu, M. F. de. Package ‘agricolae’. R Package, Version 1-2 (2019).McAvoy, T. J., Snyder, A. L., Johnson, N., Salom, S. M. & Kok, L. T. Road survey of the invasive tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in Virginia. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. 5, 506–512 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
Casella, F. & Vurro, M. Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven): Spread and harmfulness in a case-study urban area. Arboricult. J. 35, 172–181 (2013).Article 

Google Scholar 
Takahashi, D. & Park, Y.-S. Spatial heterogeneities of human-mediated dispersal vectors accelerate the range expansion of invaders with source–destination-mediated dispersal. Sci. Rep. 10, 1–9 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Meijer, J. R., Huijbregts, M. A., Schotten, K. C. & Schipper, A. M. Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 064006 (2018).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Turner, R. M. et al. Worldwide border interceptions provide a window into human-mediated global insect movement. Ecol. Appl. 31, e02412 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ricciardi, A. Are modern biological invasions an unprecedented form of global change?. Conserv. Biol. 21, 329–336 (2007).Article 

Google Scholar 
Wilson, J. R., Dormontt, E. E., Prentis, P. J., Lowe, A. J. & Richardson, D. M. Something in the way you move: Dispersal pathways affect invasion success. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24, 136–144 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Auffret, A. G., Berg, J. & Cousins, S. A. The geography of human-mediated dispersal. Divers. Distrib. 20, 1450–1456 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
Koch, F. H., Yemshanov, D., Magarey, R. D. & Smith, W. D. Dispersal of invasive forest insects via recreational firewood: A quantitative analysis. J. Econ. Entomol. 105, 438–450 (2012).Article 

Google Scholar 
Eyer, P.-A. et al. Extensive human-mediated jump dispersal within and across the native and introduced ranges of the invasive termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Mol. Ecol. 30, 3948–3964 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Petrice, T. R. & Haack, R. A. Effects of cutting date, outdoor storage conditions, and splitting on survival of Agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: Buprestidae) in firewood logs. J. Econ. Entomol. 99, 790–796 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
Petrice, T. R. & Haack, R. A. Can emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (coleoptera: Buprestidae), emerge from logs two summers after infested trees are cut?. Great Lakes Entomol. 40, 92–95 (2007).
Google Scholar 
Muirhead, J. R. et al. Modelling local and long-distance dispersal of invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (coleoptera) in North America. Divers. Distrib. 12, 71–79 (2006).Article 

Google Scholar 
Güneralp, B., Reba, M., Hales, B. U., Wentz, E. A. & Seto, K. C. Trends in urban land expansion, density, and land transitions from 1970 to 2010: A global synthesis. Environ. Res. Lett. 15, 044015 (2020).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar 
Hulme, P. E. Unwelcome exchange: International trade as a direct and indirect driver of biological invasions worldwide. One Earth 4, 666–679 (2021).Article 
ADS 

Google Scholar  More

Watson, J. E. M. et al. The exceptional value of intact forest ecosystems. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2, 599–610 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Potapov, P. et al. The last frontiers of wilderness: tracking loss of intact forest landscapes from 2000 to 2013. Sci. Adv. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600821 (2017).Matricardi, E. A. T. et al. Long-term forest degradation surpasses deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Science 369, 1378–1382 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Venter, O. et al. Sixteen years of change in the global terrestrial human footprint and implications for biodiversity conservation. Nat. Commun. 7, 12558 (2016).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Grantham, H. S. et al. The emerging threat of extractives sector to intact forest landscapes. Front. For. Glob. Change https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2021.692338 (2021).IPBES: Summary for Policymakers. In The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (eds Díaz, S. et al.) (IPBES, 2019).Qin, Y. et al. Carbon loss from forest degradation exceeds that from deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Nat. Clim. Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01026-5 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Maxwell, S. L. et al. Degradation and forgone removals increase the carbon impact of intact forest loss by 626%. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax2546 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Betts, M. G. et al. Global forest loss disproportionately erodes biodiversity in intact landscapes. Nature 547, 441–444 (2017).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Venter, O. et al. Targeting global protected area expansion for imperiled biodiversity. PLoS Biol. 12, e1001891 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
Laurance, W. F. et al. Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas. Nature 489, 290–294 (2012).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Coad, L. et al. Measuring impact of protected area management interventions: current and future use of the global database of protected area management effectiveness. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 370, 20140281 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Bonan, G. B. Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320, 1444–1449 (2008).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Ehbrecht, M. et al. Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity. Nat. Commun. 12, 519 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Zhang, J., Nielsen, S. E., Mao, L., Chen, S. & Svenning, J. C. Regional and historical factors supplement current climate in shaping global forest canopy height. J. Ecol. 104, 469–478 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Ellis, E. C. et al. People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2023483118 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Knight, C. A. et al. Land management explains major trends in forest structure and composition over the last millennium in California’s Klamath Mountains. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2116264119 (2022).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Stephens, L. et al. Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use. Science 365, 897–902 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Asner, G. P., Llactayo, W., Tupayachi, R. & Luna, E. R. Elevated rates of gold mining in the Amazon revealed through high-resolution monitoring. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 18454–18459 (2013).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Hoang, N. T. & Kanemoto, K. Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 5, 845–853 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lim, C. L., Prescott, G. W., De Alban, J. D. T., Ziegler, A. D. & Webb, E. L. Untangling the proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar. Conserv. Biol. 31, 1362–1372 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Sandel, B. & Svenning, J. C. Human impacts drive a global topographic signature in tree cover. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3474 (2013).Potapov, P. et al. Mapping the world’s intact forest landscapes by remote sensing. Ecol. Soc. 13, 51 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
Geldmann, J., Manica, A., Burgess, N. D., Coad, L. & Balmford, A. A global-level assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas at resisting anthropogenic pressures. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 23209–23215 (2019).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Yang, H. et al. A global assessment of the impact of individual protected areas on preventing forest loss. Sci. Total Environ. 777, 145995 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Jones, K. R. et al. One-third of global protected land is under intense human pressure. Science 360, 788–791 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Clerici, N. et al. Deforestation in Colombian protected areas increased during post-conflict periods. Sci. Rep. 10, 4971 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Heino, M. et al. Forest loss in protected areas and intact forest landscapes: a global analysis. PLoS ONE 10, e0138918 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Leberger, R., Rosa, I. M. D., Guerra, C. A., Wolf, F. & Pereira, H. M. Global patterns of forest loss across IUCN categories of protected areas. Biol. Conserv. 241, 108299 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Wade, C. M. et al. What is threatening forests in protected areas? A global assessment of deforestation in protected areas, 2001–2018. Forests 11, 539 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN DESA, 2016).Burleson, E. Paris Agreement and consensus to address climate challenge. ASIL Insight 20, 8 (2016).
Google Scholar 
Hansen, M. C. et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342, 850–853 (2013).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Quegan, S. et al. The European Space Agency BIOMASS mission: measuring forest above-ground biomass from space. Remote Sens. Environ. 227, 44–60 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Simard, M., Pinto, N., Fisher, J. B. & Baccini, A. Mapping forest canopy height globally with spaceborne lidar. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001708 (2011).Potapov, P. et al. Mapping global forest canopy height through integration of GEDI and Landsat data. Remote Sens. Environ. 253, 112165 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Atkins, J. W., Fahey, R. T., Hardiman, B. S. & Gough, C. M. Forest canopy structural complexity and light absorption relationships at the subcontinental scale. J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci. 123, 1387–1405 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Scarth, P., Armston, J., Lucas, R. & Bunting, P. A structural classification of Australian vegetation using ICESat/GLAS, ALOS PALSAR, and Landsat sensor data. Remote Sens. 11, 147 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Dubayah, R. et al. The global ecosystem dynamics investigation: high-resolution laser ranging of the Earth’s forests and topography. Sci. Remote Sens. 1, 100002 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Lang, N. et al. Global canopy height regression and uncertainty estimation from GEDI LIDAR waveforms with deep ensembles. Remote Sens. Environ. 268, 112760 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
Marselis, S. M., Keil, P., Chase, J. M. & Dubayah, R. The use of GEDI canopy structure for explaining variation in tree species richness in natural forests. Environ. Res. Lett. 17, 045003 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
MacArthur, R. H. & MacArthur, J. W. On bird species diversity. Ecology 42, 594–598 (1961).Article 

Google Scholar 
Walter, J. A., Stovall, A. E. L. & Atkins, J. W. Vegetation structural complexity and biodiversity in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecosphere 12, e03390 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Camps-Valls, G. et al. A unified vegetation index for quantifying the terrestrial biosphere. Sci. Adv. 7, eabc7447 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Kennedy, C. M., Oakleaf, J. R., Theobald, D. M., Baruch-Mordo, S. & Kiesecker, J. Managing the middle: a shift in conservation priorities based on the global human modification gradient. Glob. Change Biol. 25, 811–826 (2019).Article 

Google Scholar 
Weiss, D. J. et al. A global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015. Nature 553, 333–336 (2018).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Chazdon, R. L. et al. A policy‐driven knowledge agenda for global forest and landscape restoration. Conserv. Lett. 10, 125–132 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Skidmore, A. K. et al. Priority list of biodiversity metrics to observe from space. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 5, 896–906 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Schneider, F. D. et al. Mapping functional diversity from remotely sensed morphological and physiological forest traits. Nat. Commun. 8, 1441 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Grantham, H. S. et al. Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity. Nat. Commun. 11, 5978 (2020).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Ponta, N. et al. Drivers of transgression: what pushes people to enter protected areas. Biol. Conserv. 257, 109121 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Pack, S. M. et al. Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in the Amazon. Biol. Conserv. 197, 32–39 (2016).Article 

Google Scholar 
Tollefson, J. Illegal mining in the Amazon hits record high amid Indigenous protests. Nature 598, 15–16 (2021).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Thies, C., Rosoman, G., Cotter, J. & Meaden, S. Intact Forest Landscapes. Why It Is Crucial to Protect Them from Industrial Exploitation Technical Note Bd 5 (Greenpeace, 2011).Chazdon, R. L. Beyond deforestation: restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science 320, 1458–1460 (2008).Article 
CAS 

Google Scholar 
Lindenmayer, D. B. et al. New policies for old trees: averting a global crisis in a keystone ecological structure. Conserv. Lett. 7, 61–69 (2014).Article 

Google Scholar 
Dave, R. et al. Second Bonn Challenge Progress Report: Application of the Barometer in 2018 (IUCN, 2018).Tang, H. & Armston, J. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) for GEDI L2B Footprint Canopy Cover and Vertical Profile Metrics (Goddard Space Flight Center, 2019).Adam, M., Urbazaev, M., Dubois, C. & Schmullius, C. Accuracy assessment of GEDI terrain elevation and canopy height estimates in European temperate forests: influence of environmental and acquisition parameters. Remote Sens. 12, 3948 (2020).Article 

Google Scholar 
Dorado-Roda, I. et al. Assessing the accuracy of GEDI data for canopy height and aboveground biomass estimates in Mediterranean forests. Remote Sens. 13, 2279 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Duncanson, L. et al. Aboveground biomass density models for NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar mission. Remote Sens. Environ. 270, 112845 (2022).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hofton, M., Blair, J. B., Story, S. & Yi, D. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) (NASA, 2020).Dubayah, R. et al. GEDI L3 Gridded Land Surface Metrics v.2 (ORNL DAAC, 2021).Roy, D. P., Kashongwe, H. B. & Armston, J. The impact of geolocation uncertainty on GEDI tropical forest canopy height estimation and change monitoring. Sci. Remote Sens. 4, 100024 (2021).Article 

Google Scholar 
Potapov, P., Hansen, M. C., Stehman, S. V., Loveland, T. R. & Pittman, K. Combining MODIS and Landsat imagery to estimate and map boreal forest cover loss. Remote Sens. Environ. 112, 3708–3719 (2008).Article 

Google Scholar 
Dinerstein, E. et al. An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. Bioscience 67, 534–545 (2017).Article 

Google Scholar 
Silva, C. A. et al. rGEDI: NASA’s global ecosystem ynamics investigation (GEDI) data visualization and processing. R package version 0.1.2. (2020).The R Project for Statistical Computing (The R Foundation, 2014); https://www.R-project.org/Fischer, B., Smith, M., Pau, G., Morgan, M. & van Twisk, D. rhdf5: R interface to HDF5. R package version 2.40.0 (2022).Abatzoglou, J. T., Dobrowski, S. Z., Parks, S. A. & Hegewisch, K. C. TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958–2015. Sci. Data 5, 170191 (2018).Article 

Google Scholar 
Giglio, L., Loboda, T., Roy, D. P., Quayle, B. & Justice, C. O. An active-fire based burned area mapping algorithm for the MODIS sensor. Remote Sens. Environ. 113, 408–420 (2009).Article 

Google Scholar 
Hengl, T. & Wheeler, I. Soil organic carbon content in x 5 g/kg at 6 standard depths (0, 10, 30, 60, 100 and 200 cm) at 250 m resolution. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1475458 (2018).Farr, T. The shuttle radar topography mission. Rev. Geophys. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183 (2007).James, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T. & Tibshirani, R. An Introduction to Statistical Learning Vol. 112 (Springer, 2013).Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B. & Walker, S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 67, 1–48 (2015).Article 

Google Scholar 
Bivand, R. et al. Package ‘spdep’: spatial dependence: weighting schemes, statistics version 1.2-7 (The Comprehensive R Archive Network, 2015).Bivand, R., Yu, D., Nakaya, T., Garcia-Lopez, M.-A. & Bivand, M. R. Package ‘spgwr’: geographically eighted regression. R package version 0.6-35 (2020).Fotheringham, A. S., Brunsdon, C. & Charlton, M. Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships (Wiley, 2003). More