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In this episode:
00:46 Sensory pollution and bird reproduction
Light- and noise-pollution have been shown to affect the behaviour of birds. However, it’s been difficult to work out whether these behavioural changes have led to bird species thriving or declining. Now, researchers have assembled a massive dataset that can begin to give some answers. Research article: Senzaki et al.
10:17 Coronapod
Interim results from a phase III trial show compelling evidence that a coronavirus vaccine candidate can prevent COVID-19. However, amid the optimism there remain questions to be answered – we discuss these, and what the results might mean for other vaccines in development. News: What Pfizer’s landmark COVID vaccine results mean for the pandemic
23:29 Research Highlights
A tiny bat breaks a migration record, and researchers engineer a mouse’s sense of place. Research Highlight: The record-setting flight of a bat that weighs less than a toothbrush; Research Article: Robinson et al.
25:39 Organised crime in fisheries
When you think of fishing, organised crime probably isn’t the first thing that springs to mind. However, billions of dollars every year from the fishing industry are lost to criminal enterprises. We discuss some of the impacts and what can be done about it. Research Article: Witbooi et al.
32:13 Briefing Chat
We discuss some highlights from the Nature Briefing. This time, a time-capsule discovered on the Irish coast provides a damning indictment of Arctic warming, and some human remains challenge the idea of ‘man-the-hunter’. The Guardian: Arctic time capsule from 2018 washes up in Ireland as polar ice melts; Science: Woman the hunter: Ancient Andean remains challenge old ideas of who speared big game
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Survey area
The U.S. AMLR Program conducted five winter surveys (August and September 2012–2016) around the northern Antarctic Peninsula aboard the U.S. National Science Foundation research vessel/ice breaker (RVIB) Nathaniel B. Palmer (Fig. 1)19. We surveyed a historical grid of 110 fixed stations located 20–40 km apart around the northern Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands, which was divided into four sampling areas: the Elephant Island Area (EI; 43,865 km2), the South Area (the Bransfield Strait, SA; 24,479 km2), the West Area (the west shelf immediately north of Livingston and King George Islands, WA; 38,524 km2), and the Joinville Island Area (JI; 18,151 km2). In 2016, we also surveyed the Gerlache Strait (GS; 24,479 km2).
At-sea sampling
Detailed methods for all at-sea sampling by the U.S. AMLR Program have been previously reported19. At each sampling station, we performed a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) cast to 750 m or to within 10 m of the bottom in shallower areas (SBE9/11; Sea-Bird Electronics). The CTD rosette was equipped with 24 10 l Niskin bottles triggered to close on the upcast at 750, 200, 100, 75, 50, 40, 30, 20, 15, and 5 m. We defined the Upper Mixed Layer (UML) depth (m) as the depth at which the density of the water changed by 0.05 kg m−3 relative to the mean density of the upper 10 m of the water column20. UML temperature and salinities were defined to be means over the depth range of the UML. We defined daylight conditions according to three categories. Day (D) was defined as one hour after local sunrise to one hour before local sunset; night (N) was defined as one hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise; and Twilight (T) was defined as one hour before and after sunrise and sunset.
Chlorophyll-a (hereafter chl-a) was determined from water samples collected between 5 and 200 m21,22. Samples (285 ml) were filtered at a pressure differential of  More

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