Wilson, E. O. The Insect Societies (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1971).
Wilson, E. O. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1975).
Oster, G. F. & Wilson, E. O. Caste and Ecology in the Social Insects (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1978).
Seeley, T. D. Honeybee Ecology: A Study of Adaptation in Social Life (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1985).
Seeley, T. D. Adaptive significance of the age polyethism schedule in honeybee colonies. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 11, 287–293 (1982).
Robinson, G. E. Regulation of division of labor in insect societies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37, 637–665 (1992).
Beshers, S. N. & Fewell, J. H. Models of division of labor in social insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 46, 413–440 (2001).
Johnson, B. R. Within-nest temporal polyethism in the honey bee. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 62, 777–784 (2008).
Hölldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O. The Ants (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1990).
Crosland, M. W. J., Lok, C. M., Wong, T. C., Shakarad, M. & Traniello, J. F. A. Division of labour in a lower termite: The majority of tasks are performed by older workers. Anim. Behav. 54, 999–1012 (1997).
Hinze, B. & Leuthold, R. H. Age related polyethism and activity rhythms in the nest of the termite Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera, Termitidae). Insect. Soc. 46, 392–397 (1999).
Cameron, S. A. Temporal patterns of division of labor among workers in the primitively eusocial bumble bee, Bombus griseocoffis (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Ethology 80, 137–151 (1989).
Naug, D. & Gadagkar, R. The role of age in temporal polyethism in a primitively eusocial wasp. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 42, 37–47 (1998).
Biedermann, P. H. W. & Taborsky, M. Larval helpers and age polyethism in ambrosia beetles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 17064–17069 (2011).
Wakano, J. N., Nakata, K. & Yamamura, N. Dynamic model of optimal age polyethism in social insects under stable and fluctuating environments. J. Theor. Biol. 193, 153–165 (1998).
Duarte, A., Weissing, F. J., Pen, I. & Keller, L. An evolutionary perspective on self-organized division of labor in social insects. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 42, 91–110 (2011).
Stern, D. L. & Foster, W. A. The evolution of soldiers in aphids. Biol. Rev. 71, 27–79 (1996).
Aoki, S. & Kurosu, U. A review of the biology of Cerataphidini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Hormaphidinae), focusing mainly on their life cycles, gall formation, and soldiers. Psyche 2010, 380351 (2010).
Abbot, P., Tooker, J. & Lawson, S. P. Chemical ecology and sociality in aphids: Opportunities and directions. J. Chem. Ecol. 44, 770–784 (2018).
Aoki, S. Colophina clematis (Homoptera, Pemphigidae), an aphid species with” soldiers”. Kontyu 5, 276–282 (1977).
Aoki, S. & Kurosu, U. Gall cleaning by the aphid Hormaphis betulae. J. Ethol. 9, 51–55 (1989).
Benton, T. G. & Foster, W. A. Altruistic housekeeping in a social aphid. Proc. R. Soc. B 247, 199–202 (1992).
Aoki, S. & Kurosu, U. Soldiers of Astegopteryx styraci (Homoptera, Aphidoidea) clean their gall. Jpn. J. Entomol. 57, 407–416 (1989).
Aoki, S., Kurosu, U. & Stern, D. L. Aphid soldiers discriminate between soldiers and non-soldiers, rather than between kin and non-kin Ceratoglyphina bambusae. Anim. Behav. 42, 865–866 (1991).
Kurosu, U., Narukawa, J., Buranapanichpan, S. & Aoki, S. Head-plug defense in a gall aphid. Insect. Soc. 53, 86–91 (2006).
Kurosu, U., Aoki, S. & Fukatsu, T. Self-sacrificing gall repair by aphid nymphs. Proc. R. Soc. B 270, S12–S14 (2003).
Pike, N. & Foster, W. Fortress repair in the social aphid species Pemphigus spyrothecae. Anim. Behav. 67, 909–914 (2004).
Kutsukake, M., Shibao, H., Uematsu, K. & Fukatsu, T. Scab formation and wound healing of plant tissue by soldier aphid. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 1555–1563 (2009).
Kutsukake, M. et al. Exaggeration and cooption of innate immunity for social defense. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116, 8950–8959 (2019).
Aoki, S. Evolution of sterile soldiers in aphids. In Animal Societies: Theories andFacts (eds Ito, Y. et al.) 53–65 (Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, 1987).
Aoki, S. & Kurosu, U. Social aphids. In Encyclopedia of Social Insects (ed. Starr, C. K.) (Springer, New York, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_107-1.
Aoki, S. & Kurosu, U. Biennial galls of the aphid Astegopteryx styraci on a temperate deciduous tree Styrax obassia. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hung. 25, 57–65 (1990).
Shibao, H., Kutsukake, M., Lee, J. & Fukatsu, T. Maintenance of soldier-producing aphids on an artificial diet. J. Insect Physiol. 48, 495–505 (2002).
Shibao, H., Lee, J. M., Kutsukake, M. & Fukatsu, T. Aphid soldier differentiation: density acts on both embryos and newborn nymphs. Naturwissenschaften 90, 501–504 (2003).
Shibao, H., Kutsukake, M. & Fukatsu, T. Density triggers soldier production in a social aphid. Proc. R. Soc. B 271, S71–S74 (2004).
Shibao, H., Kutsukake, M. & Fukatsu, T. The proximate cue of density-dependent soldier production in a social aphid. J. Insect Physiol. 50, 143–147 (2004).
Shibao, H., Kutsukake, M. & Fukatsu, T. Density-dependent induction and suppression of soldier differentiation in an aphid social system. J. Insect Physiol. 50, 995–1000 (2004).
Shibao, H., Kutsukake, M., Matsuyama, S., Fukatsu, T. & Shimada, M. Mechanisms regulating caste differentiation in an aphid social system. Commun. Integr. Biol. 3, 1–5 (2010).
Kutsukake, M. et al. Venomous protease of aphid soldier for colony defense. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 11338–11343 (2004).
Stern, D. L., Aoki, S. & Kurosu, U. A test of geometric hypotheses for soldier investment patterns in the gall producing tropical aphid Cerataphis fransseni (Homoptera, Hormaphididae). Insect. Soc. 41, 457–460 (1994).
Pike, N., Braendle, C. & Foster, W. A. Seasonal extension of the soldier instar as a route to increased defence investment in the social aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae. Ecol. Entomol. 29, 89–95 (2004).
Pike, N. Specialised placement of morphs within the gall of the social aphid Pemphigus spyrothecae. BMC Evol. Biol. 7, 18 (2007).
Uematsu, K., Kutsukake, M., Fukatsu, T., Shimada, M. & Shibao, H. Altruistic colony defense by menopausal female insects. Curr. Biol. 20, 1182–1186 (2010).
Uematsu, K., Shimada, M. & Shibao, H. Juveniles and the elderly defend, the middle-aged escape: division of labour in a social aphid. Biol. Let. 9, 20121053 (2013).
Abe, T., Bignell, D. E., Higashi, M. & Abe, Y. Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology (Springer, Berlin, 2000).
Shibao, H. Lack of kin discrimination in the eusocial aphid Pseudoregma bambucicola (Homoptera: Aphididae). J. Ethol. 17, 17–24 (1999).
Abbot, P., Withgott, J. H. & Moran, N. A. Genetic conflict and conditional altruism in social aphid colonies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 12068–12071 (2001).
Abbot, P. & Chhatre, V. Kin structure provides no explanation for intruders in social aphids. Mol. Ecol. 16, 3659–3670 (2007).
Kutsukake, M. et al. An insect-induced novel plant phenotype for sustaining social life in a closed system. Nat. Commun. 3, 1187 (2012).
Kutsukake, M. et al. Evolution of soldier-specific venomous protease in social aphids. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25, 2627–2641 (2008).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
