van der Ent, R. J. & Tuinenburg, O. A. The residence time of water in the atmosphere revisited. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 21, 779–790 (2017).
Google Scholar
Risi, C., Noone, D., Frankenberg, C. & Worden, J. Role of continental recycling in intraseasonal variations of continental moisture as deduced from model simulations and water vapor isotopic measurements. Water Resour. Res. 49, 4136–4156 (2013).
Google Scholar
Gupta, S. K. & Deshpande, R. D. Water for India in 2050: First-order assessment of available options. Curr. Sci. 86, 9 (2004).
Kuttippurath, J. et al. Observed rainfall changes in the past century (1901–2019) over the wettest place on Earth. Environ. Res. Lett. 16, 024018 (2021).
Google Scholar
Rao, M. P. et al. Seven centuries of reconstructed Brahmaputra River discharge demonstrate underestimated high discharge and flood hazard frequency. Nat. Commun. 11, 6017 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bassi, N., Kumar, M. D., Sharma, A. & Pardha-Saradhi, P. Status of wetlands in India: A review of extent, ecosystem benefits, threats and management strategies. J. Hydrol. Regional Stud. 2, 1–19 (2014).
Google Scholar
Dikshit, K. R. & Dikshit, J. K. Natural vegetation: Forests and grasslands of North-East India. in North-East India: Land, People and Economy (eds. Dikshit, K. R. & Dikshit, J. K.) 213–255 (Springer, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7055-3_9.
Chakraborty, S. et al. Linkage between precipitation isotopes and biosphere-atmosphere interaction observed in northeast India. Npj Clim. Atmos. Sci. 5, 1–11 (2022).
Google Scholar
Pathak, A., Ghosh, S. & Kumar, P. Precipitation recycling in the Indian subcontinent during summer monsoon. J. Hydrometeorol. 15, 2050–2066 (2014).
Google Scholar
Mahanta, R., Sarma, D. & Choudhury, A. Heavy rainfall occurrences in northeast India. Int. J. Climatol. 33, 1456–1469 (2013).
Google Scholar
Murata, F. et al. dominant synoptic disturbance in the extreme rainfall at cherrapunji, northeast India, based on 104 years of rainfall data (1902–2005). J. Clim. 30, 8237–8251 (2017).
Google Scholar
Roy, S. C. & Chatterji, G. Origin of nor’westers. Nature 124, 481–481 (1929).
Google Scholar
Dhar, O. N. & Nandargi, S. A study of floods in the Brahmaputra basin in India. Int. J. Climatol. 20, 771–781 (2000).
Google Scholar
Reager, J. T., Thomas, B. F. & Famiglietti, J. S. River basin flood potential inferred using GRACE gravity observations at several months lead time. Nat. Geosci. 7, 588–592 (2014).
Google Scholar
Gat, J. R. Isotope Hydrology: A Study of the Water Cycle (World Scientific, 2010).
Google Scholar
Salati, E., DallOlio, A., Matsui, E. & Gat, J. R. Recycling of water in the Amazon basin: An isotopic study. Water Resourc. Res. 15, 1250–1258 (1979).
Google Scholar
Victoria, R. L., Martinelli, L. A., Mortatti, J. & Richey, J. Mechanisms of water recycling in the Amazon basin: Isotopic insights. Ambio 20, 384–387 (1991).
Wright, J. S. et al. Rainforest-initiated wet season onset over the southern Amazon. PNAS 114, 8481–8486 (2017).
Google Scholar
Leite-Filho, A. T., Soares-Filho, B. S., Davis, J. L., Abrahão, G. M. & Börner, J. Deforestation reduces rainfall and agricultural revenues in the Brazilian Amazon. Nat. Commun. 12, 2591 (2021).
Google Scholar
Spracklen, D. V. & Garcia-Carreras, L. The impact of Amazonian deforestation on Amazon basin rainfall. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42, 9546–9552 (2015).
Google Scholar
Lele, N. & Joshi, P. K. Analyzing deforestation rates, spatial forest cover changes and identifying critical areas of forest cover changes in North-East India during 1972–1999. Environ. Monit. Assess. 156, 159 (2008).
Google Scholar
Sudhakar Reddy, C. et al. Quantification and monitoring of deforestation in India over eight decades (1930–2013). Biodivers. Conserv. 25, 93–116 (2016).
Google Scholar
Kathayat, G. et al. Interannual oxygen isotope variability in Indian summer monsoon precipitation reflects changes in moisture sources. Commun. Earth Environ. 2, 1–10 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kathayat, G. et al. Protracted Indian monsoon droughts of the past millennium and their societal impacts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 119, e2207487119 (2022).
Google Scholar
Breitenbach, S. F. M. et al. Strong influence of water vapor source dynamics on stable isotopes in precipitation observed in Southern Meghalaya, NE India. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 292, 212–220 (2010).
Google Scholar
Pradhan, R., Singh, N. & Singh, R. P. Onset of summer monsoon in Northeast India is preceded by enhanced transpiration. Sci. Rep. 9, 18646 (2019).
Google Scholar
Das, S., Sarkar, A., Das, M. K., Rahman, Md. M. & Islam, Md. N. Composite characteristics of Nor’westers based on observations and simulations. Atmos. Res. 158–159, 158–178 (2015).
Google Scholar
Vinay Kumar, P. & Venkateswara Naidu, C. Is pre-monsoon rainfall activity over India increasing in the recent era of global warming?. Pure Appl. Geophys. 177, 4423–4442 (2020).
Google Scholar
Narayanan, P., Sarkar, S., Basistha, A. & Sachdeva, K. Trend analysis and forecast of pre-monsoon rainfall over India. Weather 71, 94–99 (2016).
Google Scholar
Stevens, B. Atmospheric moist convection. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 33, 605–643 (2005).
Google Scholar
Bershaw, J. Controls on deuterium excess across Asia. Geosciences 8, 257 (2018).
Google Scholar
Clark, I. D. & Fritz, P. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology (CRC Press, 1997). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482242911.
Google Scholar
Cui, J., Tian, L., Biggs, T. W. & Wen, R. Deuterium-excess determination of evaporation to inflow ratios of an alpine lake: Implications for water balance and modeling. Hydrol. Process. 31, 1034–1046 (2017).
Google Scholar
Laskar, A. H. et al. Stable isotopic characterization of Nor’westers of southern Assam, NE India. J. Clim. Chang. 1, 75–87 (2015).
Google Scholar
Tanoue, M. et al. Seasonal variation in isotopic composition and the origin of precipitation over Bangladesh. Prog. Earth Planet Sci. 5, 77 (2018).
Google Scholar
Oza, H., Ganguly, A., Padhya, V. & Deshpande, R. D. Hydrometeorological processes and evaporation from falling rain in Indian sub-continent: Insights from stable isotopes and meteorological parameters. J. Hydrol. 591, 125601 (2020).
Google Scholar
Chen, F. et al. Relationship between sub-cloud secondary evaporation and stable isotopes in precipitation of Lanzhou and surrounding area. Quatern. Int. 380–381, 68–74 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sinha, N. et al. Isotopic investigation of the moisture transport processes over the Bay of Bengal. J. Hydrol. X 2, 100021 (2019).
Google Scholar
Rawson, H. M., Begg, J. E. & Woodward, R. G. The effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species. Planta 134, 5–10 (1977).
Google Scholar
Chakraborty, S., Belekar, A. R., Datye, A. & Sinha, N. Isotopic study of intraseasonal variations of plant transpiration: An alternative means to characterise the dry phases of monsoon. Sci. Rep. 8, 8647 (2018).
Google Scholar
Sinha, N., Chakraborty, S. & Mohan, P. M. Modern rain-isotope data from Indian island and the mainland on the daily scale for the summer monsoon season. Data Brief 23, 103793 (2019).
Google Scholar
Grujic, D. et al. Formation of a Rain Shadow: O and H stable isotope records in authigenic clays from the Siwalik group in eastern Bhutan. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 19, 3430–3447 (2018).
Google Scholar
Lambs, L., Balakrishna, K., Brunet, F. & Probst, J. L. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of major Indian rivers: A first global assessment. Hydrol. Process. 19, 3345–3355 (2005).
Google Scholar
Ek, M. B. & Holtslag, A. A. M. Influence of soil moisture on boundary layer cloud development. J. Hydrometeorol. 5, 86–99 (2004).
Google Scholar
Findell, K. L. & Eltahir, E. A. B. Atmospheric controls on soil moisture-boundary layer interactions. Part I: Framework development. J. Hydrometeorol. 4, 552–569 (2003).
Google Scholar
Syroka, J. & Toumi, R. On the withdrawal of the Indian summer monsoon. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 130, 989–1008 (2004).
Google Scholar
Bhatta, L. D. et al. Ecosystem service changes and livelihood impacts in the maguri-motapung wetlands of Assam. India. Land 5, 15 (2016).
Google Scholar
Choudhury, B. A., Saha, S. K., Konwar, M., Sujith, K. & Deshamukhya, A. Rapid drying of northeast India in the last three decades: Climate change or natural variability?. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 124, 227–237 (2019).
Google Scholar
Das, D. Changing climate and its impacts on Assam, Northeast India. Bandung J. Glob. South 2, 26 (2016).
Google Scholar
Deka, R. L., Mahanta, C., Pathak, H., Nath, K. K. & Das, S. Trends and fluctuations of rainfall regime in the Brahmaputra and Barak basins of Assam, India. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 114, 61–71 (2013).
Google Scholar
Maurya, A. S., Shah, M., Deshpande, R. D. & Gupta, S. K. Protocol for δ18O and δD analyses of water sample using Delta V plus IRMS in CF Mode with Gas Bench II for IWIN National Programme at PRL, Ahmedabad. in 11th ISMAS Triennial Conference of Indian Society for Mass Spectrometry vol. 314, 314–317 (Indian Society for Mass Spectrometry Hyderabad, 2009).
Deshpande, R. D. & Gupta, S. K. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in hydrological cycle: new data from IWIN national programme. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. 78, 321–331 (2012).
Google Scholar
Deshpande, R. D. & Gupta, S. K. National programme on isotope fingerprinting of waters of India (IWIN). Glimpses of Geosciences Research in India, the Indian Report to IUGS, Indian National Science Academy (eds Singhvi, AK, Bhattacharya, A. & Guha, S.), 10–16 (2008).
Oza, H., Padhya, V., Ganguly, A. & Deshpande, R. D. Investigating hydrometeorology of the Western Himalayas: Insights from stable isotopes of water and meteorological parameters. Atmos. Res. 268, 105997 (2022).
Google Scholar
Stein, A. F. et al. NOAA’s HYSPLIT atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling system. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 96, 2059–2077 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sodemann, H., Schwierz, C. & Wernli, H. Interannual variability of Greenland winter precipitation sources: Lagrangian moisture diagnostic and North Atlantic Oscillation influence. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 113, D3 (2008).
Oza, H. et al. Hydrometeorological processes in semi-arid western India: insights from long term isotope record of daily precipitation. Clim. Dyn. 54, 2745–2757 (2020).
Google Scholar
Su, L., Yuan, Z., Fung, J. C. H. & Lau, A. K. H. A comparison of HYSPLIT backward trajectories generated from two GDAS datasets. Sci. Total Environ. 506–507, 527–537 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ahmed, M., Seraj, R. & Islam, S. M. S. The k-means algorithm: A comprehensive survey and performance evaluation. Electronics 9, 1295 (2020).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com
