Pitois, S. G., Lynam, C. P., Jansen, T., Halliday, N. & Edwards, M. Bottom-up effects of climate on fish populations: data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 456, 169–186 (2012).
Google Scholar
Ruzicka, J. J. et al. Interannual variability in the Northern California Current food web structure: changes in energy flow pathways and the role of forage fish, euphausiids, and jellyfish. Prog. Oceanogr. 102, 19–41 (2012).
Google Scholar
Lauria, V., Attrill, M. J., Brown, A., Edwards, M. & Votier, S. C. Regional variation in the impact of climate change: evidence that bottom-up regulation from plankton to seabirds is weak in parts of the Northeast Atlantic. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 488, 11–22 (2013).
Google Scholar
Heneghan, R. F., Everett, J. D., Blanchard, J. L. & Richardson, A. J. Zooplankton are not fish: improving zooplankton realism in size-spectrum models mediates energy transfer in food webs. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00201 (2016).
Lehette, P., Tovar-Sánchez, A., Duarte, C. M. & Hernández-León, S. Krill excretion and its effect on primary production. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 459, 29–38 (2012).
Google Scholar
Arístegui, J., Duarte, C. M., Reche, I. & Gómez-Pinchetti, J. L. Krill excretion boosts microbial activity in the Southern Ocean. PLoS ONE 9, e89391 (2014).
Google Scholar
Tovar-Sánchez, A., Duarte, C. M., Hernández-León, S. & Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A. Krill as a central node for iron cycling in the Southern Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, 1–4 (2007).
Schmidt, K. et al. Seabed foraging by Antarctic krill: Implications for stock assessment, bentho-pelagic coupling, and the vertical transfer of iron. Limnol. Oceanogr. 56, 1411–1428 (2011).
Google Scholar
Cavan, E. L. et al. The importance of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles. Nat. Commun. 10, 4742 (2019). This Review demonstrates how the dominant grazer in Antarctica plays a critical role in biogeochemical cycles.
Google Scholar
Ratnarajah, L., Nicol, S. & Bowie, A. R. Pelagic iron recycling in the southern ocean: exploring the contribution of marine animals. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00109 (2018).
Halfter, S., Cavan, E. L., Swadling, K. M., Eriksen, R. S. & Boyd, P. W. The role of zooplankton in establishing carbon export regimes in the southern ocean – a comparison of two representative case studies in the subantarctic region. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.567917 (2020).
Schmidt, K. et al. Zooplankton gut passage mobilizes lithogenic iron for ocean productivity. Curr. Biol. 26, 2667–2673 (2016).
Google Scholar
Brun, P. et al. Climate change has altered zooplankton-fuelled carbon export in the North Atlantic. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 416–423 (2019).
Chust, G. et al. Are Calanus spp. shifting poleward in the North Atlantic? A habitat modelling approach. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 71, 241–253 (2014).
Batten, S. D. & Walne, A. W. Variability in northwards extension of warm water copepods in the NE Pacific. J. Plankton Res. 33, 1643–1653 (2011).
Fu, W., Randerson, J. T. & Moore, J. K. Climate change impacts on net primary production (NPP) and export production (EP) regulated by increasing stratification and phytoplankton community structure in the CMIP5 models. Biogeosciences 13, 5151–5170 (2016).
Google Scholar
Tagliabue, A. et al. Persistent uncertainties in ocean net primary production climate change projections at regional scales raise challenges for assessing impacts on ecosystem services. Front. Clim. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.738224 (2021).
Edwards, M. & Richardson, A. J. Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch. Nature 430, 881–884 (2004).
Google Scholar
Mackas, D. L. et al. Changing zooplankton seasonality in a changing ocean: comparing time series of zooplankton phenology. Prog. Oceanogr. 97-100, 31–62 (2012).
Google Scholar
Freer, J. J., Daase, M. & Tarling, G. A. Modelling the biogeographic boundary shift of Calanus finmarchicus reveals drivers of Arctic Atlantification by subarctic zooplankton. Glob. Change Biol. 28, 429–440 (2021).
Daufresne, M., Lengfellner, K. & Sommer, U. Global warming benefits the small in aquatic ecosystems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 12788–12793 (2009).
Google Scholar
Brandão, M. C. et al. Macroscale patterns of oceanic zooplankton composition and size structure. Sci. Rep. 11, 15714 (2021). This study showed that zooplankton abundance and median size decreased towards warmer and less productive environments due to changes in copepod composition, but some groups displayed the opposite relationships potentially due to alternative feeding strategies.
Google Scholar
Campbell, M. D. et al. Testing Bermann’s rule in marine copepods. Ecography 44, 1283–1295 (2021). This global study found that temperature better predicted copepod size than did latitude or oxygen, with body size decreasing by 43.9% across the temperature range (−1.7 to 30 °C).
Barange, M. et al. Impacts of Climate Change on Fisheries and Aquaculture. Synthesis of Current Knowledge, Adaptation, and Mitigation Options. (FAO, 2018).
Atkinson, A. et al. Questioning the role of phenology shifts and trophic mismatching in a planktonic food web. Prog. Oceanogr. 137, 498–512 (2015).
Google Scholar
Thackeray, S. J. et al. Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels. Nature 535, 241–245 (2016).
Google Scholar
Sasaki, M. & Dam, H. G. Global patterns in copepod thermal tolerance. J. Plankton Res. 43, 598–609 (2021).
Dam, H. G. et al. Rapid, but limited, zooplankton adaptation to simultaneous warming and acidification. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 780–786 (2021).
Google Scholar
Cooley, S. et al. Ocean and Coastal Ecosystems and their Services. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Cambridge University Press, 2022). This IPCC report synthesizes changes in zooplankton phenology compared to other marine life.
Mackas, D. L., Goldblatt, R. & Lewis, A. G. Interdecadal variation in developmental timing of Neocalanus plumchrus populations at Ocean Station P in the subarctic North Pacific. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55, 1878–1893 (1998).
Edwards, M. et al. Ecological Status Report: results from the CPR survey 2007/2008. 1-12 (2009).
Richardson, A. J. In hot water: zooplankton and climate change. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 65, 279–295 (2008).
Costello, J. H., Sullivan, B. K. & Gifford, D. J. A physical–biological interaction underlying variable phenological responses to climate change by coastal zooplankton. J. Plankton Res. 28, 1099–1105 (2006).
Chevillot, X. et al. Toward a phenological mismatch in estuarine pelagic food web? PLoS ONE 12, e0173752 (2017).
Ji, R., Edwards, M., Mackas, D. L., Runge, J. A. & Thomas, A. C. Marine plankton phenology and life history in a changing climate: current research and future directions. J. Plankton Res. 32, 1355–1368 (2010).
Thibodeau, P. S. et al. Long-term observations of pteropod phenology along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 166, 103363 (2020).
Beaugrand, G., Reid Philip, C., Ibañez, F., Lindley, J. A. & Edwards, M. Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science 296, 1692–1694 (2002).
Google Scholar
Edwards, M. et al. North Atlantic warming over six decades drives decreases in krill abundance with no associated range shift. Commun. Biol. 4, 644 (2021). This regional study showed that ocean warming is causing a decrease in krill abundance but no poleward movement in range.
Chivers, W. J., Walne, A. W. & Hays, G. C. Mismatch between marine plankton range movements and the velocity of climate change. Nat. Commun. 8, 14434 (2017).
Google Scholar
Lindley, J. A. & Daykin, S. Variations in the distributions of Centropages chierchiae and Temora stylifera (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and western European shelf waters. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 62, 869–877 (2005).
Atkinson, A. et al. Krill (Euphausia superba) distribution contracts southward during rapid regional warming. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 142–147 (2019). This regional study shows that the dominant grazer in Antarctic waters, Antarctic krill is moving southward due to regional warming.
Google Scholar
Atkinson, A., Siegel, V., Pakhomov, E. & Rothery, P. Long-term decline in krill stock and increase in salps within the Southern Ocean. Nature 432, 100–103 (2004).
Google Scholar
Pakhomov, E. A., Froneman, P. W., Wassmann, P., Ratkova, T. & Arashkevich, E. Contribution of algal sinking and zooplankton grazing to downward flux in the Lazarev Sea (Southern Ocean) during the onset of phytoplankton bloom: a lagrangian study. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 233, 73–88 (2002).
Google Scholar
Tarling, G. A., Ward, P. & Thorpe, S. E. Spatial distributions of Southern Ocean mesozooplankton communities have been resilient to long-term surface warming. Glob. Change Biol. 24, 132–142 (2017). This study shows that 16 mesozooplankton taxa in the in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean are resilient to ocean warming.
Google Scholar
Atkinson, A. et al. Stepping stones towards Antarctica: switch to southern spawning grounds explains an abrupt range shift in krill. Glob. Change Biol. 28, 1359–1375 (2021).
Jonkers, L., Hillebrand, H. & Kucera, M. Global change drives modern plankton communities away from the pre-industrial state. Nature 570, 372–377 (2019).
Google Scholar
Yebra, L. et al. Spatio-temporal variability of the zooplankton community in the SW Mediterranean 1992–2020: Linkages with environmental drivers. Prog. Oceanogr. 209, 1–10 (2022).
Cowen, T. et al. Report on the status and trends of the Southern Ocean zooplankton based on the SCAR Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Recorder (SO-CPR) survey. (2020).
Corona, S., Hirst, A., Atkinson, D. & Atkinson, A. Density-dependent modulation of copepod body size and temperature–size responses in a shelf sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 66, 3916–3927 (2021).
Google Scholar
Horne, C. R., Hirst, A. G., Atkinson, D., Neves, A. & Kiørboe, T. A global synthesis of seasonal temperature–size responses in copepods. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 25, 988–999 (2016).
Hobday, A. J. et al. A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves. Prog. Oceanogr. 141, 227–238 (2016).
Google Scholar
Brodeur, R. D., Auth, T. D. & Phillips, A. J. Major shifts in pelagic micronekton and macrozooplankton community structure in an upwelling ecosystem related to an unprecedented marine heatwave. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00212 (2019).
Lavaniegos, B. E., Jiménez-Herrera, M. & Ambriz-Arreola, I. Unusually low euphausiid biomass during the warm years of 2014–2016 in the transition zone of the California Current. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 169-170, 104638 (2019).
Peterson, W. T. et al. The pelagic ecosystem in the Northern California Current off Oregon during the 2014–2016 warm anomalies within the context of the past 20 years. J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans 122, 7267–7290 (2017).
Google Scholar
O’ Loughlin, J. H. O. et al. Implications of Pyrosoma atlanticum range expansion on phytoplankton standing stocks in the Northern California Current. Prog. Oceanogr. 188, 1–9 (2020).
Robertson, R. R. & Bjorkstedt, E. P. Climate-driven variability in Euphausia pacifica size distributions off northern California. Prog. Oceanogr. 188, 102412 (2020).
Stephens, J. A., Jordan, M. B., Taylor, A. H. & Proctor, R. The effects of fluctuations in North Sea flows on zooplankton abundance. J. Plankton Res. 20, 943–956 (1998).
Greene, C. H. & Pershing, A. J. The response of Calanus finmarchicus populations to climate variability in the Northwest Atlantic: basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57, 1536–1544 (2000).
Saba, G. K. et al. Winter and spring controls on the summer food web of the coastal West Antarctic Peninsula. Nat. Commun. 5, 4318 (2014).
Google Scholar
Steinberg, D. K. et al. Long-term (1993–2013) changes in macrozooplankton off the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 101, 54–70 (2015).
Google Scholar
Steinke, K. B., Bernard, K. S., Ross, R. M. & B, Q. L. Environmental drivers of the physiological condition of mature female Antarctic krill during the spawning season: implications for krill recruitment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 669, 65–82 (2021).
Google Scholar
Brodeur, R. D. et al. Rise and fall of jellyfish in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to climate regime shifts. Prog. Oceanogr. 77, 103–111 (2008).
Google Scholar
Quiñones, J. et al. Climate-driven population size fluctuations of jellyfish (Chrysaora plocamia) off Peru. Mar. Biol. 162, 2339–2350 (2015).
Lynam, C. P., Attrill, M. J. & Skogen, M. D. Climatic and oceanic influences on the abundance of gelatinous zooplankton in the North Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 90, 1153–1159 (2009).
Schmidt, K. et al. Increasing picocyanobacteria success in shelf waters contributes to long-term food web degradation. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 5574–5587 (2020).
Google Scholar
Laglera, L. M. et al. Iron partitioning during LOHAFEX: Copepod grazing as a major driver for iron recycling in the Southern Ocean. Mar. Chem. 196, 148–161 (2017).
Google Scholar
Cavan, E. L., Henson, S. A., Belcher, A. & Sanders, R. Role of zooplankton in determining the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. Biogeosciences 14, 177–186 (2017).
Google Scholar
Valdés, V. et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus recycling mediated by copepods and response of bacterioplankton community from three contrasting areas in the western tropical South Pacific (20° S). Biogeosciences 15, 6019–6032 (2018).
Google Scholar
Steinberg, D. K. & Landry, M. R. Zooplankton and the Ocean Carbon Cycle. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 9, 413–444 (2017). This Review synthesizes the role of zooplankton within the ocean carbon cycle.
Google Scholar
Ratnarajah, L. et al. Understanding the variability in the iron concentration of Antarctic krill. Limnol. Oceanogr. 61, 1651–1660 (2016).
Google Scholar
Bernard, K. S., Steinberg, D. K. & Schofield, O. M. Summertime grazing impact of the dominant macrozooplankton off the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 62, 111–122 (2012).
Google Scholar
Böckmann, S. et al. Salp fecal pellets release more bioavailable iron to Southern Ocean phytoplankton than krill fecal pellets. Curr. Biol. 31, 2737–2746.e2733 (2021).
Cabanes, D. J. E. et al. First Evaluation of the Role of Salp Fecal Pellets on Iron Biogeochemistry. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00289 (2017).
Ratnarajah, L. Regenerated iron: how important are different zooplankton groups to oceanic productivity. Curr. Biol. 31, R848–R850 (2021).
Google Scholar
Giering, S. L., Steigenberger, S., Achterberg, E. P., Sanders, R. & Mayor, D. J. Elevated iron to nitrogen recycling by mesozooplankton in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, 1–5 (2012).
Svensen, C. et al. Zooplankton communities associated with new and regenerated primary production in the Atlantic inflow North of Svalbard. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00293 (2019).
Darnis, G. & Fortier, L. Zooplankton respiration and the export of carbon at depth in the Amundsen Gulf (Arctic Ocean). J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 117, 1–12 (2012).
Miquel, J.-C. et al. Downward particle flux and carbon export in the Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean; the role of zooplankton. Biogeosciences 12, 5103–5117 (2015).
Google Scholar
Hernández-León, S. et al. Carbon export through zooplankton active flux in the Canary Current. J. Mar. Syst. 189, 12–21 (2019).
Gorgues, T., Aumont, O. & Memery, L. Simulated changes in the particulate carbon export efficiency due to diel vertical migration of zooplankton in the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 5387–5395 (2019).
Google Scholar
Steinberg, D. K. et al. Zooplankton vertical migration and the active transport of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in the Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 47, 137–158 (2000).
Google Scholar
Lebrato, M., Molinero, J.-C., Mychek-Londer, J. G., Gonzalez, E. M. & Jones, D. O. B. Gelatinous carbon impacts benthic megafaunal communities in a continental margin. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.902674 (2022).
Lebrato, M. & Jones, D. O. B. Mass deposition event of Pyrosoma atlanticum carcasses off Ivory Coast (West Africa). Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 1197–1209 (2009).
Google Scholar
Kobari, T. et al. Impacts of ontogenetically migrating copepods on downward carbon flux in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 55, 1648–1660 (2008).
Google Scholar
Wilson, S. E., Steinberg, D. K. & Buesseler, K. O. Changes in fecal pellet characteristics with depth as indicators of zooplankton repackaging of particles in the mesopelagic zone of the subtropical and subarctic North Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 55, 1636–1647 (2008).
Google Scholar
Laurenceau-Cornec, E. et al. The relative importance of phytoplankton aggregates and zooplankton fecal pellets to carbon export: insights from free-drifting sediment trap deployments in naturally iron-fertilised waters near the Kerguelen Plateau. Biogeosciences 12, 1007–1027 (2015).
Google Scholar
Manno, C., Stowasser, G., Enderlein, P., Fielding, S. & Tarling, G. The contribution of zooplankton faecal pellets to deep-carbon transport in the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean). Biogeosciences 12, 1955–1965 (2015).
Google Scholar
Cavan, E. et al. Attenuation of particulate organic carbon flux in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, is controlled by zooplankton fecal pellets. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42, 821–830 (2015).
Google Scholar
Lebrato, M. et al. Jelly biomass sinking speed reveals a fast carbon export mechanism. Limnol. Oceanogr. 58, 1113–1122 (2013).
Google Scholar
Ducklow, H. W., Steinberg, D. K. & Buesseler, K. O. Upper ocean carbon export and the biological pump. Oceanography 14, 50–58 (2001).
Yebra, L. et al. Zooplankton production and carbon export flux in the western Alboran Sea gyre (SW Mediterranean). Prog. Oceanogr. 167, 64–77 (2018).
Google Scholar
Yebra, L. et al. Mesoscale physical variability affects zooplankton production in the Labrador Sea. Deep Sea Res. Part I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 56, 703–715 (2009).
Google Scholar
Beaugrand, G., Edwards, M. & Legendre, L. Marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and carbon cycles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 10120–10124 (2010).
Google Scholar
Benson, A. J. & Trites, A. W. Ecological effects of regime shifts in the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Fish. Fish. 3, 95–113 (2002).
Coyle, K. O. & Pinchuk, A. I. Climate-related differences in zooplankton density and growth on the inner shelf of the southeastern Bering Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 55, 177–194 (2002).
Google Scholar
Duffy-Anderson, J. T. et al. Return of warm conditions in the southeastern Bering Sea: Phytoplankton – Fish. PLoS ONE 12, e0178955 (2017).
Odebrecht, C., Secchi, E. R., Abreu, P. C., Muelbert, J. H. & Uiblein, F. Biota of the Patos Lagoon estuary and adjacent marine coast: long-term changes induced by natural and human-related factors. Mar. Biol. Res. 13, 3–8 (2017).
Eisner, L. B. et al. Seasonal, interannual, and spatial patterns of community composition over the eastern Bering Sea shelf in cold years. Part I: zooplankton. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 75, 72–86 (2018).
Trueblood, L. A. Salp metabolism: temperature and oxygen partial pressure effect on the physiology of Salpa fusiformis from the California Current. J. Plankton Res. 41, 281–291 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hernández-León, S. & Ikeda, T. in Respiration in aquatic ecosystems. p. 57-82 (Oxford University Press, 2005).
Lewandowska, A. M. et al. Effects of sea surface warming on marine plankton. Ecol. Lett. 17, 614–623 (2014).
O’Connor, M. I., Piehler, M. F., Leech, D. M., Anton, A. & Bruno, J. F. Warming and resource availability shift food web structure and metabolism. PLoS Biol. 7, e1000178 (2009).
Chen, B., Landry, M. R., Huang, B. & Liu, H. Does warming enhance the effect of microzooplankton grazing on marine phytoplankton in the ocean? Limnol. Oceanogr. 57, 519–526 (2012).
Google Scholar
Paul, C., Matthiessen, B. & Sommer, U. Warming, but not enhanced CO2 concentration, quantitatively and qualitatively affects phytoplankton biomass. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 528, 39–51 (2015).
Google Scholar
Sommer, U. & Lewandowska, A. Climate change and the phytoplankton spring bloom: warming and overwintering zooplankton have similar effects on phytoplankton. Glob. Change Biol. 17, 154–162 (2010).
Google Scholar
Beaugrand, G. et al. Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 237–243 (2019).
Google Scholar
Sterner, R. W. & Elser, J. J. Ecological Stoichiometry: The Biology of Elements from Molecules to the Biosphere (Princeton University Press, 2002).
Matsumoto, K., Tanioka, T. & Rickaby, R. Linkages between dynamic phytoplankton C:N:P and the ocean carbon cycle under climate change. Oceanography 33, 44–52 (2020).
Finkel, Z. V. et al. Phytoplankton in a changing world: cell size and elemental stoichiometry. J. Plankton Res. 32, 119–137 (2010).
Google Scholar
Bank, T. W. Blue Economy. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/oceans-fisheries-and-coastal-economies#1 (2021).
Burthe, S. et al. Phenological trends and trophic mismatch across multiple levels of a North Sea pelagic food web. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 454, 119–133 (2012).
Google Scholar
Durant, J. M. et al. Contrasting effects of rising temperatures on trophic interactions in marine ecosystems. Sci. Rep. 9, 15213 (2019).
Google Scholar
Otero, J. et al. Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Glob. Change Biol. 20, 61–75 (2014).
Google Scholar
Kovach, R. P., Ellison, S. C., Pyare, S. & Tallmon, D. A. Temporal patterns in adult salmon migration timing across southeast Alaska. Glob. Change Biol. 21, 1821–1833 (2014).
Google Scholar
Chust, G. et al. Earlier migration and distribution changes of albacore in the Northeast Atlantic. Fish. Oceanogr. 28, 505–516 (2019).
McQueen, K. & Marshall, C. T. Shifts in spawning phenology of cod linked to rising sea temperatures. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 74, 1561–1573 (2017).
Kanamori, Y., Takasuka, A., Nishijima, S. & Okamura, H. Climate change shifts the spawning ground northward and extends the spawning period of chub mackerel in the western North Pacific. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 624, 155–166 (2019).
Google Scholar
Henderson, M. E., Mills, K. E., Thomas, A. C., Pershing, A. J. & Nye, J. A. Effects of spring onset and summer duration on fish species distribution and biomass along the Northeast United States continental shelf. Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. 27, 411–424 (2017).
Beaugrand, G., Brander, K. M., Alistair Lindley, J., Souissi, S. & Reid, P. C. Plankton effect on cod recruitment in the North Sea. Nature 426, 661–664 (2003).
Google Scholar
Kang, Y. S., Kim, J. Y., Kim, H. G. & Park, J. H. Long-term changes in zooplankton and its relationship with squid, Todarodes pacificus, catch in Japan/East Sea. Fish. Oceanogr. 11, 337–346 (2002).
Mackas, D. et al. Zooplankton time series from the Strait of Georgia: results from year-round sampling at deep water locations, 1990–2010. Prog. Oceanogr. 115, 129–159 (2013).
Google Scholar
Daly, E. A., Brodeur, R. D. & Auth, T. D. Anomalous ocean conditions in 2015: impacts on spring Chinook salmon and their prey field. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 566, 169–182 (2017).
Google Scholar
Feuilloley, G. et al. Concomitant changes in the environment and small pelagic fish community of the Gulf of Lions. Prog. Oceanogr. 186, 102375 (2020).
Yebra, L. et al. Molecular identification of the diet of Sardina pilchardus larvae in the SW Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 617-618, 41–52 (2019).
Google Scholar
Record, N. et al. Copepod diapause and the biogeography of the marine lipidscape. J. Biogeogr. 45, 2238–2251 (2018).
Yebra, L. et al. Zooplankton biomass depletion event reveals the importance of small pelagic fish top-down control in the Western Mediterranean Coastal Waters. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.608690 (2020).
Friedland, K. D. et al. Pathways between primary production and fisheries yields of large marine ecosystems. PLoS ONE 7, e28945 (2012).
Santora, J. A. et al. Habitat compression and ecosystem shifts as potential links between marine heatwave and record whale entanglements. Nat. Commun. 11, 536 (2020).
Google Scholar
Piatt, J. et al. Extreme mortality and reproductive failure of common murres resulting from the northeast Pacific marine heatwave of 2014-2016. PLOS ONE 15, e0226087 (2020).
Meyer-Gutbrod, E., Greene, C., Davies, K. & Johns, D. G. Ocean regime shift is driving collapse of the North Atlantic Right Whale Population. Oceanography 34, 22–31 (2021).
Beltran, R. S. et al. Seasonal resource pulses and the foraging depth of a Southern Ocean top predator. Proc. R. Soc. B 288, 1–9 (2021).
Everett, J. D. et al. Modeling what we sample and sampling what we model: challenges for zooplankton model assessment. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00077 (2017). This article synthesizes key information required for better parameterize zooplankton in various models.
Gibbs Samantha, J. et al. Algal plankton turn to hunting to survive and recover from end-Cretaceous impact darkness. Sci. Adv. 6, eabc9123 (2020).
Kwiatkowski, L. et al. Twenty-first century ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and upper-ocean nutrient and primary production decline from CMIP6 model projections. Biogeosciences 17, 3439–3470 (2020).
Google Scholar
Mitra, A. et al. Bridging the gap between marine biogeochemical and fisheries sciences; configuring the zooplankton link. Prog. Oceanogr. 129, 176–199 (2014).
Google Scholar
Gentleman, W., Leising, A., Frost, B., Strom, S. & Murray, J. Functional responses for zooplankton feeding on multiple resources: a review of assumptions and biological dynamics. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 50, 2847–2875 (2003).
Google Scholar
Chenillat, F., Rivière, P. & Ohman, M. D. On the sensitivity of plankton ecosystem models to the formulation of zooplankton grazing. PLOS ONE 16, e0252033 (2021).
Google Scholar
Stemmann, L. & Boss, E. Plankton and particle size and packaging: from determining optical properties to driving the biological pump. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 4, 263–290 (2012).
Google Scholar
Kiørboe, T., Saiz, E., Tiselius, P. & Andersen, K. H. Adaptive feeding behavior and functional responses in zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 63, 308–321 (2017).
Google Scholar
Grigor, J. J. et al. Non-carnivorous feeding in Arctic chaetognaths. Prog. Oceanogr. 186, 102388 (2020).
Yeh, H. D., Questel, J. M., Maas, K. R. & Bucklin, A. Metabarcoding analysis of regional variation in gut contents of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the North Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 180, 104738 (2020).
Novotny, A., Zamora-Terol, S. & Winder, M. DNA metabarcoding reveals trophic niche diversity of micro and mesozooplankton species. Proc. R. Soc. B 288, 1–10 (2021).
Käse, L. et al. Metabarcoding analysis suggests that flexible food web interactions in the eukaryotic plankton community are more common than specific predator–prey relationships at Helgoland Roads, North Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 78, 3372–3386 (2021).
Greco, M., Morard, R. & Kucera, M. Single-cell metabarcoding reveals biotic interactions of the Arctic calcifier Neogloboquadrina pachyderma with the eukaryotic pelagic community. J. Plankton Res. 43, 113–125 (2021).
Google Scholar
Serra-Pompei, C., Soudijn, F., Visser, A. W., Kiørboe, T. & Andersen, K. H. A general size- and trait-based model of plankton communities. Prog. Oceanogr. 189, 102473 (2020).
Heneghan, R. F. et al. A functional size-spectrum model of the global marine ecosystem that resolves zooplankton composition. Ecol. Model. 435, 109265 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ward, B. A. et al. EcoGEnIE 1.0: plankton ecology in the cGEnIE Earth system model. Geosci. Model Dev. 11, 4241–4267 (2018).
Google Scholar
Sosik, H. M. & Olson, R. J. Automated taxonomic classification of phytoplankton sampled with imaging-in-flow cytometry. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 5, 204–216 (2007).
Lombard, F. et al. Globally consistent quantitative observations of planktonic ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00196 (2019).
Pitois, S. G. et al. A first approach to build and test the Copepod Mean Size and Total Abundance (CMSTA) ecological indicator using in-situ size measurements from the Plankton Imager (PI). Ecol. Indic. 123, 107307 (2021).
Irisson, J.-O., Ayata, S.-D., Lindsay, D. J., Karp-Boss, L. & Stemmann, L. Machine learning for the study of plankton and marine snow from images. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. 14, 277–301 (2022).
Google Scholar
Cornils, A. et al. Testing the usefulness of optical data for zooplankton long-term monitoring: Taxonomic composition, abundance, biomass and size spectra from ZooScan image analysis. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 20, 428–450 (2022).
Henson, S. A., C, B. & R, L. Observing climate change trends in ocean biogeochemistry: when and where. Glob. Change Biol. 22, 1561–1571 (2016).
Google Scholar
García-Comas, C. et al. Zooplankton long-term changes in the NW Mediterranean Sea: Decadal periodicity forced by winter hydrographic conditions related to large-scale atmospheric changes? J. Mar. Syst. 87, 216–226 (2011).
Vucetich, J. A., Nelson, M. P. & Bruskotter, J. T. What drives declining support for long-term ecological research? BioScience 70, 168–173 (2020).
Lindenmayer, D. B. et al. Value of long-term ecological studies. Austral Ecol. 37, 745–757 (2012).
Giron-Nava, A. et al. Quantitative argument for long-term ecological monitoring. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 572, 269–274 (2017).
Google Scholar
Hughes, B. B. et al. Long-term studies contribute disproportionately to ecology and policy. BioScience 67, 271–281 (2017).
Berline, L., Siokou-Frangou, I. & Marasovic, I. Intercomparison of six Mediterranean zooplankton time series. Prog. Oceanogr. 97-100, 76–91 (2012).
Google Scholar
Beaugrand, G. et al. Synchronous marine pelagic regime shifts in the Northern Hemisphere. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 370, 20130272 (2015).
Mackas, D. L. & Beaugrand, G. Comparisons of zooplankton time series. J. Mar. Syst. 79, 286–304 (2010).
O’Brien, T. D., Lorenzoni, L., Isensee, K. & Valdés, L. What are Marine Ecological Time Series Telling Us About The Ocean? A Status Report. (2017).
Ratnarajah, L. Map of BioEco Observing networks/capability (https://eurosea.eu/download/eurosea-d1-2-bioeco-observing-networks/?wpdmdl=3580&refresh=637b1a59bb2011669012057, 2021).
Wright, R. M., Le Quéré, C., Buitenhuis, E. T., Pitois, S. & Gibbons, M. J. Role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model. Biogeosciences 18, 1291–1320 (2021).
Google Scholar
Buitenhuis, E. T. et al. MAREDAT: towards a world atlas of MARine Ecosystem DATa. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 5, 227–239 (2013).
Google Scholar
O’Brien, T. D. COPEPOD: The Global Plankton Database. An overview of the 2014 database contents, processing methods, and access interface. U.S. Dep. Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/ST-37, 29p. (2014).
Pitois, S. G., Bouch, P., Creach, V. & van der Kooij, J. Comparison of zooplankton data collected by a continuous semi-automatic sampler (CALPS) and a traditional vertical ring net. J. Plankton Res. 38, 931–943 (2016).
Wiebe, P. H. & Benfield, M. C. From the Hensen net toward four-dimensional biological oceanography. Prog. Oceanogr. 56, 7–136 (2003).
Google Scholar
Boss, E. et al. Recommendations for plankton measurements on oceansites moorings with relevance to other observing sites. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.929436 (2022).
Pollina, T. et al. PlanktoScope: affordable modular quantitative imaging platform for citizen oceanography. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.949428 (2022).
Pitois, S. G. et al. Comparison of a cost-effective integrated plankton sampling and imaging instrument with traditional systems for mesozooplankton sampling in the Celtic Sea. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00005 (2018).
Ohman, M. D. et al. Zooglider: an autonomous vehicle for optical and acoustic sensing of zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 17, 69–86 (2018).
Picheral, M. et al. The Underwater Vision Profiler 6: an imaging sensor of particle size spectra and plankton, for autonomous and cabled platforms. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 20, 115–129 (2021).
Picheral, M. et al. The Underwater Vision Profiler 5: an advanced instrument for high spatial resolution studies of particle size spectra and zooplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 8, 462–473 (2010).
Richardson, A. et al. in Guidelines for the study of climate change effects on HABs Vol. 88 23 (UNESCO-IOC/SCOR, 2022).
Drago, L. et al. Global distribution of zooplankton biomass estimated by in situ imaging and machine learning. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.894372 (2022).
Forest, A. et al. Ecosystem function and particle flux dynamics across the Mackenzie Shelf (Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean): an integrative analysis of spatial variability and biophysical forcings. Biogeosciences 10, 2833–2866 (2013).
Google Scholar
Haëntjens, N. et al. Detecting mesopelagic organisms using biogeochemical-argo floats. Geophys. Res. Lett. 47, 1–10 (2020).
Clayton, S. et al. Bio-GO-SHIP: the time is right to establish global repeat sections of ocean biology. Front. Mar. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.767443 (2022).
Miloslavich, P. et al. Essential ocean variables for global sustained observations of biodiversity and ecosystem changes. Glob. Change Biol. 24, 2416–2433 (2018).
Google Scholar
McPhaden, M. J., Santoso, A. & Cai, W. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate: Glossary (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2021).
Source: Ecology - nature.com
