Ceballos, G. Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis. Science 296, 904–907 (2002).
Google Scholar
Meyer, C. F. J., Struebig, M. J. & Willig, M. R. Responses of tropical bats to habitat fragmentation, logging, and deforestation. In Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World (eds Voigt, C. C. & Kingston, T.) 63–103 (Springer, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25220-9_4.
Torres-Romero, E. J., Giordano, A. J., Ceballos, G. & López-Bao, J. V. Reducing the sixth mass extinction: understanding the value of human-altered landscapes to the conservation of the world’s largest terrestrial mammals. Biol. Conserv. 249, 108706 (2020).
Google Scholar
Mittermeier, R. A., Turner, W. R., Larsen, F. W., Brooks, T. M. & Gascon, C. Global biodiversity conservation: the critical role of hotspots BT—biodiversity hotspots: distribution and protection of conservation priority areas. In (eds Zachos, F. E. & Habel, J. C.) 3–22 (Springer, Berlin, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1.
Bosso, L., Mucedda, M., Fichera, G., Kiefer, A. & Russo, D. A gap analysis for threatened bat populations on Sardinia. Hystrix Ital. J. Mammal. 27, 212–214 (2016).
Upham, N. S. Past and present of insular Caribbean mammals: understanding Holocene extinctions to inform modern biodiversity conservation. J. Mammal. 98, 913–917 (2017).
Google Scholar
Gould, W. A., Castro-Prieto, J. & Álvarez-Berríos, N. L. Climate change and biodiversity conservation in the Caribbean islands. In Encyclopedia of the World’s Biomes (eds Goldstein, M. & DellaSala, D.) 114–125 (Elsevier, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.12091-3.
Schoener, T. W., Spiller, D. A. & Losos, J. B. Variable ecological effects of hurricanes: the importance of seasonal timing for survival of lizards on Bahamian islands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 177 LP – 181 (2004).
Google Scholar
Barnosky, A. D. et al. Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?. Nature 471, 51–57 (2011).
Google Scholar
Pimm, S. L. et al. The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science 344, 1246752–1246752 (2014).
Google Scholar
Turvey, S. T., Kennerley, R. J., Nuñez-Miño, J. M. & Young, R. P. The Last Survivors: current status and conservation of the non-volant land mammals of the insular Caribbean. J. Mammal. 98, 918–936 (2017).
Google Scholar
Andermann, T., Faurby, S., Turvey, S. T., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity. Sci. Adv. 6, eabb313 (2020).
Google Scholar
Turvey, S. T. & Crees, J. J. Extinction in the anthropocene. Curr. Biol. 29, R982–R986 (2019).
Google Scholar
Donihue, C. M. et al. Hurricane effects on neotropical lizards span geographic and phylogenetic scales. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 117, 10429 LP – 10434 (2020).
Google Scholar
Gannon, M. R., Kurta, A., Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Willig, M. R. Bats of Puerto Rico: An Island Focus and a Caribbean Perspective (Texas Tech University Press, 2005).
Miller, G. L. & Lugo, A. E. Guide to the ecological systems of Puerto Rico. IITF-GTR-35. (2009).
Guzmán-Colón, D. K., Pidgeon, A. M., Martinuzzi, S. & Radeloff, V. C. Conservation planning for island nations: using a network analysis model to find novel opportunities for landscape connectivity in Puerto Rico. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 23, e01075 (2020).
Google Scholar
Gould, W. A. et al. The Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project Volume 1: Land Cover, Vertebrate Species Distributions, and Land Stewardship. General technical reports IITF-39 vol. 1 https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38430 (2008).
Gould, W. A. Puerto Rico gap analysis project. GAP Anal. Bull. 16, 71–79 (2009).
Gould, W. A., Quiñones, M., Solorzano, M., Alcobas, W. & Alarcon, C. Protected Natural Areas of Puerto Rico. Res. Map IITF-RMAP-02. Rio Piedras, PR US Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Int. Inst. Trop. For. (2011).
Junta de Planificación. Plan de Uso de Terrenos, Guías de Ordenación del Territorio. 220 (2015).
Gould, W. A., Wadsworth, F. H., Quiñones, M., Fain, S. J. & Álvarez-Berríos, N. L. Land use, conservation, forestry, and agriculture in Puerto Rico. Forests 8, 242–263 (2017).
Google Scholar
QGIS.org. QGIS Geographic Information System (2016).
Martinuzzi, S., Gould, W. A., González, O. M. R., Quiñones, M. & Jiménez, M. E. Urban and rural land use in Puerto Rico. Res. Map IITF-RMAP-01. Rio Piedras, PR US Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Int. Inst. Trop. For. (2008).
Gould, W. A., Martinuzzi, S. & González, O. M. R. High and low density development in Puerto Rico. Res. Map IITF-RMAP-11. Rio Piedras, PR US Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Int. Inst. Trop. For. (2008).
Gannon, M. R. & Willig, M. R. The effects of Hurricane Hugo on bats of the Luquillo experimental forest of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 26, 320 (1994).
Google Scholar
Gannon, M. R. & Willig, M. R. Long-term monitoring protocol for bats: lessons from the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. For. Biodivers. North Cent. South Am. Caribbean. Res. Monit. Man Biosph. Ser. 21, 271–291 (1998).
Gannon, M. R. & Willig, M. R. Island in the storm: disturbance ecology of plant-visiting bats on the hurricane-prone island of Puerto Rico. In Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation (eds Fleming, T. H. & Racey, P.) 281–301 (University of Chicago Press, 2009).
Jones, K. E., Barlow, K. E., Vaughan, N., Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Gannon, M. R. Short-term impacts of extreme environmental disturbance on the bats of Puerto Rico. Anim. Conserv. 4, 59–66 (2001).
Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Vázquez, R. The bat Artibeus jamaicensis in Puerto Rico (West Indies): seasonality of diet, activity, and effect of a hurricane. Acta Chiropterologica 3, 53–61 (2001).
Rodríguez-Durán, A., Nieves, N. A. & Avilés-Ruiz, Y. Hurricane-mediated extirpation of a bat from an Antillean Island. Caribb. Nat. 78, 1–7 (2020).
Genoways, H. H. & Baker, R. J. Stenoderma rufum. Mamm. Species https://doi.org/10.2307/3503991 (1972).
Google Scholar
Kwiecinski, G. G. & Coles, W. C. Presence of Stenoderma rufum beyond the Puerto Rican bank. Occas. Pap. Museum Texas Tech Univ. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.156896 (2007).
Google Scholar
Liu, X. et al. Litterfall production prior to and during Hurricanes Irma and Maria in four Puerto Rican forests. Forests 9, 367 (2018).
Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Durán, A. Stenoderma rufum. IUCN Red List Threat. Species e.T20743A22065638 https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T20743A22065638.en (2016).
Google Scholar
Gannon, M. R. Foraging Ecology, Reproductive Biology, and Systematics of the Red Fig-Eating Bat (Stenoderma rufum) in the Tabonuco Rain Forest of Puerto Rico (Texas Tech University, 1991).
Meyer, C. F. J. & Kalko, E. K. V. Assemblage-level responses of phyllostomid bats to tropical forest fragmentation: land-bridge islands as a model system. J. Biogeogr. 35, 1711–1726 (2008).
Google Scholar
Estrada-Villegas, S., Meyer, C. F. J. & Kalko, E. K. V. Effects of tropical forest fragmentation on aerial insectivorous bats in a land-bridge island system. Biol. Conserv. 143, 597–608 (2010).
Google Scholar
Feng, Y., Negrón-Juárez, R. I. & Chambers, J. Q. Remote sensing and statistical analysis of the effects of hurricane María on the forests of Puerto Rico. Remote Sens. Environ. 247, 111940 (2020).
Google Scholar
Soto-Centeno, J. A. & Steadman, D. W. Fossils reject climate change as the cause of extinction of Caribbean bats. Sci. Rep. 5, 7971 (2015).
Google Scholar
Razgour, O. Beyond species distribution modeling: a landscape genetics approach to investigating range shifts under future climate change. Ecol. Inform. 30, 250–256 (2015).
Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Durán, A. Bat assemblages in the West Indies: the role of caves. In Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology and Conservation (eds Fleming, T. H. & Racey, P.) 265–280 (University of Chicago Press, 2009).
Nassar, J. M., Aguirre, L. F., Rodríguez-Herrera, B. & Medellín, R. A. Threats, status, and conservation perspectives for leaf-nosed bats. In Phyllostomid Bats: A Unique Mammalian Radiation (eds Fleming, T. H. et al.) 470 (University of Chicago Press, 2020).
Rodríguez-Durán, A. Nonrandom aggregations and distribution of cave-dwelling bats in Puerto Rico. J. Mammal. 79, 141–146 (1998).
Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Padilla-Rodríguez, E. New records for the bat fauna of Mona Island, Puerto Rico, with notes on their natural history. Caribb. J. Sci. 46, 102–105 (2010).
Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Durán, A. & Feliciano-Robles, W. Conservation value of remnant habitat for neotropical bats on islands. Caribb. Nat. 35, 1–10 (2016).
Gómez-Ruiz, E. P. & Lacher, T. E. Modelling the potential geographic distribution of an endangered pollination corridor in Mexico and the United States. Divers. Distrib. 23, 67–78 (2017).
Google Scholar
Shah, V. B. & McRae, B. H. Circuitscape: a tool for landscape ecology. In Proceedings of the 7th Python in Science Conference, vol. 7, 62–66 (SciPy Conference California, 2008).
McRae, B. H., Dickson, B. G., Keitt, T. H. & Shah, V. B. Using circuit theory to model connectivity in ecology, evolution, and conservation. Ecology 89, 2712–2724 (2008).
Google Scholar
Carroll, C., McRae, B. H. & Brookes, A. Use of linkage mapping and centrality analysis across habitat gradients to conserve connectivity of Gray wolf populations in Western North America. Conserv. Biol. 26, 78–87 (2012).
Google Scholar
Theobald, D. M., Reed, S. E., Fields, K. & Soulé, M. Connecting natural landscapes using a landscape permeability model to prioritize conservation activities in the United States. Conserv. Lett. 5, 123–133 (2012).
Google Scholar
Dutta, T., Sharma, S., McRae, B. H., Roy, P. S. & DeFries, R. Connecting the dots: mapping habitat connectivity for tigers in central India. Reg. Environ. Change 16, 53–67 (2016).
Google Scholar
Mallory, C. D. & Boyce, M. S. Prioritization of landscape connectivity for the conservation of Peary caribou. Ecol. Evol. 9, 2189–2205 (2019).
Google Scholar
Osipova, L. et al. Using step-selection functions to model landscape connectivity for African elephants: accounting for variability across individuals and seasons. Anim. Conserv. 22, 35–48 (2019).
Google Scholar
GBIF.org. GBIF Occurrence Download (2019). https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.atjvik
Fick, S. E. & Hijmans, R. J. WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol. 37, 4302–4315 (2017).
Google Scholar
Vermote, E. & NOAA CDR Program. NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Version 5 (2019). https://doi.org/10.7289/V5ZG6QH9.
de Moraes, W. M. & Viveiros Grelle, C. E. Does environmental suitability explain the relative abundance of the tailed tailless bat, Anoura caudifer. Nat. Conserv. 10, 221–227 (2012).
Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, E. E., Boria, R. A. & Anderson, R. P. Can biotic interactions cause allopatry? Niche models, competition, and distributions of South American mouse opossums. Ecography 37, 741–753 (2014).
Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, E. E. et al. The taxonomic status of Mazama bricenii and the significance of the Táchira depression for mammalian endemism in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela. PLoS ONE 10, 1–24 (2015).
Ancillotto, L., Mori, E., Bosso, L., Agnelli, P. & Russo, D. The Balkan long-eared bat (Plecotus kolombatovici) occurs in Italy—first confirmed record and potential distribution. Mamm. Biol. 96, 61–67 (2019).
Google Scholar
Alberdi, A., Aizpurua, O., Aihartza, J. & Garin, I. Unveiling the factors shaping the distribution of widely distributed alpine vertebrates, using multi-scale ecological niche modelling of the bat Plecotus macrobullaris. Front. Zool. 11, 77 (2014).
Google Scholar
Phillips, S. J., Anderson, R. P. & Schapire, R. E. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol. Model. 190, 231–259 (2006).
Google Scholar
Phillips, S. J. & Dudík, M. Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography (Cop.) 31, 161–175 (2008).
Google Scholar
R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (2018).
Muscarella, R. et al. ENMeval: an R package for conducting spatially independent evaluations and estimating optimal model complexity for Maxent ecological niche models. Methods Ecol. Evol. 5, 1198–1205 (2014).
Google Scholar
Hirzel, A. H., Le Lay, G., Helfer, V., Randin, C. & Guisan, A. Evaluating the ability of habitat suitability models to predict species presences. Ecol. Model. 199, 142–152 (2006).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com