Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P. & Osmólska, H. The Dinosauria 2nd edn (University of California Press, 2004).
Fastovsky, D. E. & Weishampel, D. B. The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Brusatte, S. L. et al. The extinction of the dinosaurs. Biol. Rev. 90, 628–642 (2015).
Google Scholar
Alvarez, L. W., Alvarez, W., Asaro, F. & Michel, H. V. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Science 208, 1095–1108 (1980).
Google Scholar
Chiarenza, A. A. et al. Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 17084–17093 (2020).
Google Scholar
Schulte, P. et al. The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Science 327, 1214–1218 (2010).
Google Scholar
Russell, D. A. The gradual decline of the dinosaurs—fact or fallacy? Nature 307, 360–361 (1984).
Google Scholar
Sloan, R. E., Rigby, J. K., Van Valen, L. M. & Gabriel, D. Gradual dinosaur extinction and simultaneous ungulate radiation in the Hell Creek Formation. Science 232, 629–633 (1986).
Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. M., Fastovsky, D. E., Hoffmann, R. G., Berghaus, C. B. & Gabriel, D. L. Sudden extinction of the dinosaurs: Latest Cretaceous, upper Great Plains, USA. Science 254, 835–839 (1991).
Google Scholar
Sakamoto, M., Benton, M. J. & Venditti, C. Dinosaurs in decline tens of millions of years before their final extinction. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 5036–5040 (2016).
Google Scholar
Chiarenza, A. A. et al. Ecological niche modelling does not support climatically-driven dinosaur diversity decline before the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction. Nat. Commun. 10, 1091 (2019).
Google Scholar
Russell, L. S. Body temperature of dinosaurs and its relationships to their extinction. J. Paleontol. 39, 497–501 (1965).
Brusatte, S. L., Butler, R. J., Prieto-Márquez, A. & Norell, M. A. Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end-Cretaceous extinction. Nat. Commun. 3, 804 (2012).
Google Scholar
Benson, R. B. J. et al. Rates of dinosaur body mass evolution indicate 170 million years of sustained ecological innovation on the avian stem lineage. PLoS Biol. 12, e1001853 (2014).
Google Scholar
Rezende, E. L., Bacigalupe, L. D., Nespolo, R. F. & Bozinovic, F. Shrinking dinosaurs and the evolution of endothermy in birds. Sci. Adv. 6, eaaw4486 (2020).
Google Scholar
Lloyd, G. T. et al. Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 275, 2483–2490 (2008).
Google Scholar
Gates, T. A., Prieto-Márquez, A. & Zanno, L. E. Mountain building triggered Late Cretaceous North American megaherbivore dinosaur radiation. PLoS ONE 7, e42135 (2012).
Google Scholar
Loewen, M. A., Irmis, R. B., Sertich, J. J. W., Currie, P. J. & Sampson, S. D. Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of late Cretaceous oceans. PLoS ONE 8, e79420 (2013).
Google Scholar
Archibald, J. D. et al. Cretaceous extinctions: Multiple causes. Science 328, 973 (2010).
Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. S., Roopnarine, P. D. & Angielczyk, K. D. Late Cretaceous restructuring of terrestrial communities facilitated the end-Cretaceous mass extinction in North America. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 18857–18861 (2012).
Google Scholar
Schoene, B. et al. U-Pb constraints on pulsed eruption of the Deccan Traps across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Science 363, 862–866 (2019).
Google Scholar
Sprain, C. J. et al. The eruptive tempo of Deccan volcanism in relation to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Science 363, 866–870 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hull, P. M. et al. On impact and volcanism across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Science 367, 266–272 (2020).
Google Scholar
Landman, N. H. et al. Ammonite extinction and nautilid survival at the end of the Cretaceous. Geology 42, 707–710 (2014).
Google Scholar
Longrich, N. R., Martill, D. M. & Andres, B. Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLoS Biol. 16, e2001663 (2018).
Google Scholar
Longrich, N. R., Tokaryk, T. & Field, D. J. Mass extinction of birds at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 15253–15257 (2011).
Google Scholar
Longrich, N. R., Bhullar, B.-A. S. & Gauthier, J. A. Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 21396–21401 (2012).
Google Scholar
Fastovsky, D. E. et al. Shape of Mesozoic dinosaur richness. Geology 32, 877–880 (2004).
Google Scholar
Archibald, J. D. in Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects (eds. Keller, G. & Kerr, A. C.) 213–224 (The Geological Society of America Special Paper 505, 2014).
Wang, S. C. & Dodson, P. Estimating the diversity of dinosaurs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 13601–13605 (2006).
Google Scholar
Starrfelt, J. & Liow, L. H. How many dinosaur species were there? Fossil bias and true richness estimated using a Poisson sampling model. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 371, 20150219 (2016).
Google Scholar
Bonsor, J. A., Barrett, P. M., Raven, T. J. & Cooper, N. Dinosaur diversification rates were not in decline prior to the K-Pg boundary. R. Soc. Open Sci. 7, 201195 (2020).
Google Scholar
Benton, M. J., Wills, M. A. & Hitchin, R. Quality of the fossil record through time. Nature 403, 534–537 (2000).
Google Scholar
Alroy, J. et al. Effects of sampling standardization on estimates of Phanerozoic marine diversification. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 6261–6266 (2001).
Google Scholar
Alroy, J. et al. Phanerozoic trends in the global diversity of marine invertebrates. Science 321, 97–100 (2008).
Google Scholar
Close, R. A., Evers, S. W., Alroy, J. & Butler, R. J. How should we estimate diversity in the fossil record? Testing richness estimators using sampling-standardised discovery curves. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9, 1386–1400 (2018).
Google Scholar
Silvestro, D., Salamin, N., Antonelli, A. & Meyer, X. Improved estimation of macroevolutionary rates from fossil data using a Bayesian framework. Paleobiology 45, 546–570 (2019).
Google Scholar
Close, R. A., Benson, R. B. J., Saupe, E. E., Clapham, M. E. & Butler, R. J. The spatial structure of Phanerozoic marine animal diversity. Science 368, 420–424 (2020).
Google Scholar
Benton, M. J. Scientific methodologies in collision: The history of the study of the extinction of the dinosaurs. Evol. Biol. 24, 371–400 (1990).
Butler, R. J., Benson, R. B. J., Carrano, M. T., Mannion, P. D. & Upchurch, P. Sea level, dinosaur diversity and sampling biases: Investigating the ‘common cause’ hypothesis in the terrestrial realm. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 278, 1165–1170 (2011).
Google Scholar
Zaffos, A., Finnegan, S. & Peters, S. E. Plate tectonic regulation of global marine animal diversity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 5653–5658 (2017).
Google Scholar
East, M., Müller, R. D., Williams, S., Zahirovic, S. & Heine, C. Subduction history reveals Cretaceous slab superflux as a possible cause for the mid-Cretaceous plume pulse and superswell events. Gondwana Res. 79, 125–139 (2020).
Google Scholar
Grasby, S. E., Them, T. R., Chen, Z., Yin, R. & Ardakani, O. H. Mercury as a proxy for volcanic emissions in the geologic record. Earth Sci. Rev. 196, 102880 (2019).
Google Scholar
Miller, K. G. et al. The Phanerozoic record of global sea level change. Science 310, 1293–1298 (2005).
Google Scholar
Ray, D. C. et al. The magnitude and cause of short-term eustatic Cretaceous sea-level change: a synthesis. Earth Sci. Rev. 197, 102901 (2019).
Google Scholar
Coiffard, C., Gomez, B., Daviero-Gomez, V. & Dilcher, D. L. Rise to dominance of angiosperm pioneers in European Cretaceous environments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 20955–20959 (2012).
Google Scholar
Chaboureau, A.-C., Sepulchre, P., Donnadieu, Y. & Franc, A. Tectonic-driven climate change and the diversification of angiosperms. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 14066–14070 (2014).
Google Scholar
Magallón, S., Gómez-Acevedo, S., Sánchez-Reyes, L. L. & Hernández-Hernández, T. A metacalibrated time-tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity. N. Phytol. 207, 437–453 (2015).
Google Scholar
Magallón, S., Sánchez-Reyes, L. L. & Gómez-Acevedo, S. L. Thirty clues to the exceptional diversification of flowering plants. Ann. Bot. 123, 491–503 (2019).
Google Scholar
Meredith, R. W. et al. Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification. Science 334, 521–524 (2011).
Google Scholar
Grossnickle, D. M. & Newham, E. Therian mammals experience an ecomorphological radiation during the Late Cretaceous and selective extinction at the K–Pg boundary. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 283, 20160256 (2016).
Google Scholar
Liu, L. et al. Genomic evidence reveals a radiation of placental mammals uninterrupted by the KPg boundary. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, E7282–E7290 (2017).
Google Scholar
Arbour, V. M., Zanno, L. E. & Gates, T. A. Ankylosaurian dinosaur palaeoenvironmental associations were influenced by extirpation, sea-level fluctuation, and geodispersal. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 449, 289–299 (2016).
Google Scholar
Tennant, J. P., Mannion, P. D. & Upchurch, P. Sea level regulated tetrapod diversity dynamics through the Jurassic/Cretaceous interval. Nat. Commun. 7, 12737 (2016).
Google Scholar
Silvestro, D., Schnitzler, J., Liow, L. H., Antonelli, A. & Salamin, N. Bayesian estimation of speciation and extinction from incomplete fossil occurrence data. Syst. Biol. 63, 349–367 (2014).
Google Scholar
Silvestro, D., Antonelli, A., Salamin, N. & Quental, T. B. The role of clade competition in the diversification of North American canids. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 8684–8689 (2015).
Google Scholar
Lehtonen, S. et al. Environmentally driven extinction and opportunistic origination explain fern diversification patterns. Sci. Rep. 7, 4831 (2017).
Google Scholar
Condamine, F. L., Romieu, J. & Guinot, G. Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 20584–20590 (2019).
Google Scholar
Signor, P. W. & Lipps, J. H. in Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on The Earth (eds. Silver, L. T. & Schultz, P. H.) vol. 190, 291–296 (Geological Society of America Special Publication, 1982).
Benson, R. B. J. Dinosaur macroevolution and macroecology. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 49, 379–408 (2018).
Google Scholar
Dean, C. D., Chiarenza, A. A. & Maidment, S. C. R. Formation binning: a new method for increased temporal resolution in regional studies, applied to the Late Cretaceous dinosaur fossil record of North America. Palaeontology 63, 881–901 (2020).
Google Scholar
Moen, D. & Morlon, H. Why does diversification slow down? Trends Ecol. Evol. 29, 190–197 (2014).
Google Scholar
Condamine, F. L., Rolland, J. & Morlon, H. Assessing the causes of diversification slowdowns: Temperature-dependent and diversity-dependent models receive equivalent support. Ecol. Lett. 22, 1900–1912 (2019).
Google Scholar
Prieto-Márquez, A., Dalla Vecchia, F. M., Gaete, R. & Galobart, À. Diversity, relationships, and biogeography of the lambeosaurine dinosaurs from the European archipelago, with description of the new aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis. PLoS ONE 8, e69835 (2013).
Prieto-Márquez, A., Fondevilla, V., Sellés, A. G., Wagner, J. R. & Galobart, À. Adynomosaurus arcanus, a new lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ibero-Armorican Island of the European archipelago. Cretac. Res. 96, 19–37 (2019).
Google Scholar
Longrich, N. R., Suberbiola, X. P., Pyron, R. A. & Jalil, N.-E. The first duckbill dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Africa and the role of oceanic dispersal in dinosaur biogeography. Cretac. Res. 120, 104678 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kobayashi, Y., Takasaki, R., Kubota, K. & Fiorillo, A. R. A new basal hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the latest Cretaceous Kita-ama Formation in Japan implies the origin of hadrosaurids. Sci. Rep. 11, 8547 (2021).
Google Scholar
Stubbs, T. L., Benton, M. J., Elsler, A. & Prieto-Márquez, A. Morphological innovation and the evolution of hadrosaurid dinosaurs. Paleobiology 45, 347–362 (2019).
Google Scholar
Reest, A. J. van der & Currie, P. J. Troodontids (Theropoda) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, with a description of a unique new taxon: Implications for deinonychosaur diversity in North America. Can. J. Earth Sci. 54, 919–935 (2017).
Hartman, S. et al. A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight. PeerJ 7, e7247 (2019).
Google Scholar
Horner, J. R., Varricchio, D. J. & Goodwin, M. B. Marine transgressions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs. Nature 358, 59–61 (1992).
Google Scholar
O’Brien, C. L. et al. Cretaceous sea-surface temperature evolution: Constraints from TEX86 and planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes. Earth Sci. Rev. 172, 224–247 (2017).
Google Scholar
Huber, B. T., MacLeod, K. G., Watkins, D. K. & Coffin, M. F. The rise and fall of the Cretaceous Hot Greenhouse climate. Glob. Planet. Change 167, 1–23 (2018).
Google Scholar
Mannion, P. D. et al. A temperate palaeodiversity peak in Mesozoic dinosaurs and evidence for Late Cretaceous geographical partitioning. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 21, 898–908 (2012).
Google Scholar
Forster, A., Schouten, S., Baas, M. & Damsté, J. S. S. Mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Santonian) sea surface temperature record of the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Geology 35, 919–922 (2007).
Google Scholar
O’Connor, L. K. et al. Late Cretaceous temperature evolution of the southern high latitudes: a TEX86 perspective. Paleoceanogr. Paleoclimatol. 34, 436–454 (2019).
Google Scholar
Linnert, C. et al. Evidence for global cooling in the Late Cretaceous. Nat. Commun. 5, 4194 (2014).
Google Scholar
Crane, P. R. & Lidgard, S. Angiosperm diversification and paleolatitudinal gradients in Cretaceous floristic diversity. Science 246, 675–678 (1989).
Google Scholar
Condamine, F. L., Silvestro, D., Koppelhus, E. B. & Antonelli, A. The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 28867–28875 (2020).
Google Scholar
Condamine, F. L., Rolland, J. & Morlon, H. Macroevolutionary perspectives to environmental change. Ecol. Lett. 16, 72–85 (2013).
Google Scholar
Silvestro, D., Cascales-Miñana, B., Bacon, C. D. & Antonelli, A. Revisiting the origin and diversification of vascular plants through a comprehensive Bayesian analysis of the fossil record. N. Phytol. 207, 425–436 (2015).
Google Scholar
Prokoph, A., Shields, G. A. & Veizer, J. Compilation and time-series analysis of a marine carbonate δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr and δ34S database through Earth history. Earth Sci. Rev. 87, 113–133 (2008).
Google Scholar
Miller, K. G. et al. The phanerozoic record of global sea-level change. Science 310, 1293–1298 (2005).
Google Scholar
Barrett, P. M. Paleobiology of herbivorous dinosaurs. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 42, 207–230 (2014).
Google Scholar
Grady, J. M., Enquist, B. J., Dettweiler-Robinson, E., Wright, N. A. & Smith, F. A. Evidence for mesothermy in dinosaurs. Science 344, 1268–1272 (2014).
Google Scholar
Eagle, R. A. et al. Isotopic ordering in eggshells reflects body temperatures and suggests differing thermophysiology in two Cretaceous dinosaurs. Nat. Commun. 6, 8296 (2015).
Google Scholar
Paladino, F. V., Dodson, P., Hammond, J. K. & Spotila, J. R. Temperature-dependent sex determination in dinosaurs? Implications for population dynamics and extinction. in Paleobiology of the Dinosaurs (ed. Farlow, J. O.) vol. 238, 63–70 (Geological Society of America Special Papers, 1989).
Vavrek, M. J. & Larsson, H. C. E. Low beta diversity of Maastrichtian dinosaurs of North America. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 8265–8268 (2010).
Google Scholar
Dunne, J. A., Williams, R. J. & Martinez, N. D. Network structure and biodiversity loss in food webs: Robustness increases with connectance. Ecol. Lett. 5, 558–567 (2002).
Google Scholar
Brodie, J. F. et al. Secondary extinctions of biodiversity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 29, 664–672 (2014).
Google Scholar
Fraser, D. et al. Investigating biotic interactions in deep time. Trends Ecol. Evol. 36, 61–75 (2021).
Google Scholar
Mallon, J. C. Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage. Sci. Rep. 9, 15447 (2019).
Google Scholar
Benton, M. J. Progress and competition in macroevolution. Biol. Rev. 62, 305–338 (1987).
Google Scholar
Fricke, H. C. & Pearson, D. A. Stable isotope evidence for changes in dietary niche partitioning among hadrosaurian and ceratopsian dinosaurs of the Hell Creek Formation, North Dakota. Paleobiology 34, 534–552 (2008).
Google Scholar
Mallon, J. C. & Anderson, J. S. Skull ecomorphology of megaherbivorous dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada. PLoS ONE 8, e67182 (2013).
Google Scholar
Nordén, K. K., Stubbs, T. L., Prieto-Márquez, A. & Benton, M. J. Multifaceted disparity approach reveals dinosaur herbivory flourished before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Paleobiology 44, 620–637 (2018).
Google Scholar
Lyson, T. R. & Longrich, N. R. Spatial niche partitioning in dinosaurs from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of North America. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 278, 1158–1164 (2011).
Google Scholar
Li, Z. et al. Ultramicrostructural reductions in teeth: Implications for dietary transition from non-avian dinosaurs to birds. BMC Evol. Biol. 20, 46 (2020).
Google Scholar
Cau, A. et al. Synchrotron scanning reveals amphibious ecomorphology in a new clade of bird-like dinosaurs. Nature 552, 395–399 (2017).
Google Scholar
Cau, A. The body plan of Halszkaraptor escuilliei (Dinosauria, Theropoda) is not a transitional form along the evolution of dromaeosaurid hypercarnivory. PeerJ 8, e8672 (2020).
Google Scholar
Fowler, D. W., Freedman, E. A., Scannella, J. B. & Kambic, R. E. The predatory ecology of Deinonychus and the origin of flapping in birds. PLoS ONE 6, e28964 (2011).
Google Scholar
Frederickson, J. A., Engel, M. H. & Cifelli, R. L. Ontogenetic dietary shifts in Deinonychus antirrhopus (Theropoda; Dromaeosauridae): Insights into the ecology and social behavior of raptorial dinosaurs through stable isotope analysis. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 552, 109780 (2020).
Google Scholar
O’Connor, J. et al. Microraptor with ingested lizard suggests non-specialized digestive function. Curr. Biol. 29, 2423–2429 (2019).
Google Scholar
King, J. L., Sipla, J. S., Georgi, J. A., Balanoff, A. M. & Neenan, J. M. The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis. J. Anat. 237, 861–869 (2020).
Google Scholar
Owocki, K., Kremer, B., Cotte, M. & Bocherens, H. Diet preferences and climate inferred from oxygen and carbon isotopes of tooth enamel of Tarbosaurus bataar (Nemegt Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Mongolia). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 537, 109190 (2020).
Google Scholar
Dalman, S. & Lucas, S. New evidence for cannibalism in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico. N. Mex. Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. 82, 39–56 (2021).
Frederickson, J. A., Engel, M. H. & Cifelli, R. L. Niche partitioning in theropod dinosaurs: Diet and habitat preference in predators from the uppermost Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah, U.S.A.). Sci. Rep. 8, 17872 (2018).
Hassler, A. et al. Calcium isotopes offer clues on resource partitioning among Cretaceous predatory dinosaurs. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 285, 20180197 (2018).
Schroeder, K., Lyons, S. K. & Smith, F. A. The influence of juvenile dinosaurs on community structure and diversity. Science 371, 941–944 (2021).
Currie, P. J., Badamgarav, D., Koppelhus, E. B., Sissons, R. & Vickaryous, M. K. Hands, feet, and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae). Acta Palaeontol. Polon. 56, 489–504 (2011).
Google Scholar
Burns, M. E., Currie, P. J., Sissons, R. L. & Arbour, V. M. Juvenile specimens of Pinacosaurus grangeri Gilmore, 1933 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of China, with comments on the specific taxonomy of Pinacosaurus. Cretac. Res. 32, 174–186 (2011).
Google Scholar
Burns, M. E., Tumanova, T. A. & Currie, P. J. Postcrania of juvenile Pinacosaurus grangeri (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Alagteeg Formation, Alag Teeg, Mongolia: Implications for ontogenetic allometry in ankylosaurs. J. Paleontol. 89, 168–182 (2015).
Botfalvai, G., Prondvai, E. & Ősi, A. Living alone or moving in herds? A holistic approach highlights complexity in the social lifestyle of Cretaceous ankylosaurs. Cretac. Res. 118, 104633 (2021).
Google Scholar
Arbour, V. M. & Zanno, L. E. The evolution of tail weaponization in amniotes. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 285, 20172299 (2018).
Google Scholar
Arbour, V. M. & Zanno, L. E. Tail weaponry in ankylosaurs and glyptodonts: An example of a rare but strongly convergent phenotype. Anat. Rec. 303, 988–998 (2020).
Google Scholar
Van Valen, L. A new evolutionary law. Evol. Theory 1, 1–30 (1973).
Hagen, O., Andermann, T., Quental, T. B., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. Estimating age-dependent extinction: Contrasting evidence from fossils and phylogenies. Syst. Biol. 67, 458–474 (2018).
Google Scholar
Finnegan, S., Payne, J. L. & Wang, S. C. The Red Queen revisited: Reevaluating the age selectivity of Phanerozoic marine genus extinctions. Paleobiology 34, 318–341 (2008).
Google Scholar
Doran, N. A., Arnold, A. J., Parker, W. C. & Huffer, F. W. Is extinction age dependent? PALAIOS 21, 571–579 (2006).
Google Scholar
Larson, D. W., Brown, C. M. & Evans, D. C. Dental disparity and ecological stability in bird-like dinosaurs prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Curr. Biol. 26, 1325–1333 (2016).
Google Scholar
Romano, M. Disparity versus diversity in ankylosaurid dinosaurs: Explored morphospace indicates two separate evolutive radiations. Rend. Online Soc. Geol. It. 53, 2–8 (2021).
Turner, A. H., Montanari, S. & Norell, M. A. A new dromaeosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Khulsan locality of Mongolia. Am. Mus. Novitat. 2020, 1–48 (2021).
Maryańska, T. & Osmólska, H. Pachycephalosauria, a new suborder of ornithischian dinosaurs. Palaeontol. Polon. 30, 45–102 (1974).
Sereno, P. C. National Geographic Research: Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (Order Ornithischia). Natl Geogr. Res. 2, 234–256 (1986). https://d3qi0qp55mx5f5.cloudfront.net/paulsereno/i/docs/86-NGRes-PhyloOrnithis_1.pdf?mtime=1591821557.
Sullivan, R. M. A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). N. Mex. Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. 35, 347–365 (2006).
Lee, M. S. Y., Cau, A., Naish, D. & Dyke, G. J. Morphological clocks in paleontology, and a mid-cretaceous origin of crown aves. Syst. Biol. 63, 442–449 (2014).
Google Scholar
Arbour, V. M. & Evans, D. C. A new ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Judith River Formation of Montana, USA, based on an exceptional skeleton with soft tissue preservation. R. Soc. Open Sci. 4, 161086 (2017).
McDonald, A. T., Wolfe, D. G. & Dooley, A. C. Jr A new tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation of New Mexico. PeerJ 6, e5749 (2018).
Google Scholar
Longrich, N. R. & Field, D. J. Torosaurus is not Triceratops: Ontogeny in chasmosaurine ceratopsids as a case study in dinosaur taxonomy. PLoS ONE 7, e32623 (2012).
Google Scholar
Larson, P. L. in Tyrannosaurid Paleobiology (eds. Parrish, J. M., Molnar, R. A., Currie, P. J. & Koppelhus, E. B.) 15–54 (Indiana University Press, 2013).
Yun, C. Evidence points out that ‘Nanotyrannus’ is a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex. PeerJ 3, e1052 (2015).
Google Scholar
Brusatte, S. L. et al. Dentary groove morphology does not distinguish ‘Nanotyrannus’ as a valid taxon of tyrannosauroid dinosaur. Comment on: “Distribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: Implications for theropod phylogeny and the validity of the genus Nanotyrannus Bakker et al., 1988. Cretac. Res. 65, 232–237 (2016).
Google Scholar
Schmerge, J. D. & Rothschild, B. M. When a groove is not a groove: Clarification of the appearance of the dentary groove in tyrannosauroid theropods and the distinction between Nanotyrannus and Tyrannosaurus. Reply to Comment on: “Distribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: Implications for theropod phylogeny and the validity of the genus Nanotyrannus Bakker et al., 1988. Cretac. Res. 65, 238–243 (2016).
Google Scholar
Xu, X., Zhou, Z., Sullivan, C., Wang, Y. & Ren, D. An updated review of the Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao biota: Chronology, taphonomy, paleontology and paleoecology. Acta Geol. Sin. 90, 2229–2243 (2016).
Google Scholar
Cau, A., Brougham, T. & Naish, D. The phylogenetic affinities of the bizarre Late Cretaceous Romanian theropod Balaur bondoc (Dinosauria, Maniraptora): Dromaeosaurid or flightless bird? PeerJ 3, e1032 (2015).
Google Scholar
Agnolin, F. L. & Motta, M. J. Paravian phylogeny and the dinosaur-bird transition: An overview. Front. Earth Sci. 6, 252 (2019).
Google Scholar
Pei, R. et al. Potential for powered flight neared by most close avialan relatives, but few crossed Its thresholds. Curr. Biol. 30, 4033–4046 (2020).
Google Scholar
Foth, C. & Rauhut, O. W. M. Re-evaluation of the Haarlem Archaeopteryx and the radiation of maniraptoran theropod dinosaurs. BMC Evol. Biol. 17, 236 (2017).
Rauhut, O. W., Tischlinger, H. & Foth, C. A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany. eLife 8, e43789 (2019).
Google Scholar
Lefèvre, U. et al. A new Jurassic theropod from China documents a transitional step in the macrostructure of feathers. Sci. Nat. 104, 74 (2017).
Google Scholar
Shen, C. et al. A new troodontid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian formation of Liaoning province. China Acta Geol. Sin. 91, 763–780 (2017).
Google Scholar
Arbour, V. M. & Currie, P. J. Euoplocephalus tutus and the diversity of ankylosaurid dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA. PLoS ONE 8, e62421 (2013).
Arbour, V. M. & Currie, P. J. Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. J. Syst. Palaeontol. 14, 385–444 (2016).
Google Scholar
Arbour, V. M., Currie, P. J. & Badamgarav, D. The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 172, 631–652 (2014).
Arbour, V. M. et al. A new ankylosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Kirtlandian) of New Mexico with implications for ankylosaurid diversity in the Upper Cretaceous of Western North America. PLoS ONE 9, e108804 (2014).
Google Scholar
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D. & Ogg, G. M. The Geologic Time Scale 2012 (Elsevier B.V., 2012).
Brown, C. M. & Henderson, D. M. A new horned dinosaur reveals convergent evolution in cranial ornamentation in Ceratopsidae. Curr. Biol. 25, 1641–1648 (2015).
Google Scholar
Jerzykiewicz, T., Currie, P. J., Fanti, F. & Lefeld, J. Lithobiotopes of the Nemegt Gobi Basin. Can. J. Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0148 (2021).
Silvestro, D., Salamin, N. & Schnitzler, J. PyRate: A new program to estimate speciation and extinction rates from incomplete fossil data. Methods Ecol. Evol. 5, 1126–1131 (2014).
Google Scholar
Rambaut, A. R., Drummond, A. J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M. A. Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Syst. Biol. 67, 901–904 (2018).
Google Scholar
Brusatte, S. L. et al. Tyrannosaur paleobiology: New research on ancient exemplar organisms. Science 329, 1481–1485 (2010).
Google Scholar
Ryan, M. J., Chinnery-Allgeier, B. J. & Eberth, D. A. New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs (Indiana University Press, 2010).
Xu, X., Wang, K., Zhao, X. & Li, D. First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications. Chin. Sci. Bull. 55, 1631–1635 (2010).
Google Scholar
Hannisdal, B. & Peters, S. E. Phanerozoic Earth system evolution and marine biodiversity. Science 334, 1121–1124 (2011).
Google Scholar
Liow, L. H., Reitan, T. & Harnik, P. G. Ecological interactions on macroevolutionary time scales: Clams and brachiopods are more than ships that pass in the night. Ecol. Lett. 18, 1030–1039 (2015).
Google Scholar
Erwin, D. H. Climate as a driver of evolutionary change. Curr. Biol. 19, R575–R583 (2009).
Google Scholar
Mayhew, P. J., Bell, M. A., Benton, T. G. & McGowan, A. J. Biodiversity tracks temperature over time. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 15141–15145 (2012).
Google Scholar
Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E. & Billups, K. Trends, rythms, and aberration in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292, 686–693 (2001).
Google Scholar
Zachos, J. C., Dickens, G. R. & Zeebe, R. E. An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics. Nature 451, 279–283 (2008).
Google Scholar
Cramer, B. S., Toggweiler, J. R., Wright, J. D., Katz, M. E. & Miller, K. G. Ocean overturning since the late cretaceous: Inferences from a new benthic foraminiferal isotope compilation. Paleoceanography 24, 1–14 (2009).
Google Scholar
Barba-Montoya, J., Reis, M., Schneider, H., Donoghue, P. C. J. & Yang, Z. Constraining uncertainty in the timescale of angiosperm evolution and the veracity of a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. N. Phytol. 218, 819–834 (2018).
Google Scholar
Zhang, M., Dai, S., Du, B., Ji, L. & Hu, S. Mid-Cretaceous hothouse climate and the expansion of early angiosperms. Acta Geol. Sin. 92, 2004–2025 (2018).
Google Scholar
Source: Ecology - nature.com
