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These authors contributed equally: Laura H. Antão, Benjamin Weigel.These authors jointly supervised this work: Tomas Roslin, Anna-Liisa Laine.Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandLaura H. Antão, Benjamin Weigel, Giovanni Strona, Maria Hällfors, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Otso Ovaskainen, Marjo Saastamoinen, Jarno Vanhatalo, Tomas Roslin & Anna-Liisa LaineDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USATad DallasDepartment of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenØystein H. OpedalFinnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, FinlandJanne Heliölä, Mikko Kuussaari, Juha Pöyry & Kristiina VuorioNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, FinlandHeikki Henttonen, Otso Huitu, Andreas Lindén, Päivi Merilä, Maija Salemaa & Tiina TonteriSection of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandErkki KorpimäkiFinnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandAleksi LehikoinenKainuu Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, Kajaani, FinlandReima LeinonenUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandHannu PietiäinenDepartment of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FinlandOtso OvaskainenCentre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayOtso OvaskainenHelsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandMarjo SaastamoinenDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandJarno VanhataloSpatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandTomas RoslinSpatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SwedenTomas RoslinDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, SwitzerlandAnna-Liisa Laine More

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03708-2

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