The size and shape of parasitic larvae of naiads (Unionidae) are not dependent on female size
1.MacArthur, R. & Wilson, E. O. The Theory of Island Biogeography (Princeton University Press, 1967).
Google Scholar
2.Stearns, S. C. The evolution of life history traits: A critique of the theory and a review of the data. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 8, 145–171. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.08.110177.001045 (1977).Article
Google Scholar
3.Lopes-Lima, M. et al. Conservation status of freshwater mussels in Europe: State of the art and future challenges. Biol. Rev. 92, 572–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12244 (2017).Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
4.Lopes-Lima, M. et al. Conservation of freshwater bivalves at the global scale: Diversity, threats and research needs. Hydrobiologia 810, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3486-7 (2018).Article
Google Scholar
5.Ferreira-Rodríguez, N. et al. Research priorities for freshwater mussel conservation assessment. Biol. Conserv. 231, 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.002 (2019).Article
Google Scholar
6.Haag, W. R. & Rypel, A. L. Growth and longevity in freshwater mussels: Evolutionary and conservation implications. Biol. Rev. 86, 225–247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00146.x (2011).Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
7.Haag, W. R. North American Freshwater Mussels: Natural History, Ecology, and Conservation (Cambridge University Press, 2012).Book
Google Scholar
8.Ziuganov, V. et al. Life span variation of the freshwater pearl shell: A model species for testing longevity mechanisms in animals. AMBIO J. Hum. Environ. 29, 102–105. https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-29.2.102 (2000).Article
Google Scholar
9.Wächtler, K., Drehen-Mansur, M. C., & Richter, T. Larval types and early postlarval biology in Naiads (Unionoida). In Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unionoida (eds. Bauer, G. & Wächtler, K.) 93–119 (Springer Science & Business Media, 2001).10.Hanson, J. M., Mackay, W. C. & Prepas, E. E. Effect of size-selective predation by muskrats (Ondatra zebithicus) on a population of unionid clams (Anodonta grandis simpsoniana). J. Anim. Ecol. 58, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/4983 (1989).Article
Google Scholar
11.Bauer, G. The adaptive value of offspring size among freshwater mussels (Bivalvia; Unionoidea). J. Anim. Ecol. 63, 933–944. https://doi.org/10.2307/5270 (1994).Article
Google Scholar
12.Bauer, G. Framework and driving forces for the evolution of Naiad life histories. In Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unionoida (eds. Bauer, G. & Wächtler, K.) 233–257 (Springer Science & Business Media, 2001).13.Haag, W. R. The role of fecundity and reproductive effort in defining life-history strategies of North American freshwater mussels. Biol. Rev. 88, 745–766. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12028 (2013).Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
14.Wood, E. M. Development and morphology of the glochidium larva of Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca: Bivalvia). J. Zool. 173, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1974.tb01743.x (1974).Article
Google Scholar
15.Silverman, H., Steffens, W. L. & Dietz, T. Calcium from extracellular concretions in the gills of freshwater unionid mussels is mobilized during reproduction. J. Exp. Zool. 236, 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402360204 (1985).CAS
Article
Google Scholar
16.Silverman, H., Kays, W. T. & Dietz, T. H. Maternal calcium contribution to glochidial shells in freshwater mussels (Eulamellibranchia: Unionidae). J. Exp. Zool. 242, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402420204 (1987).CAS
Article
Google Scholar
17.McIvor, A. L. & Aldridge, D. C. The reproductive biology of the depressed river mussel Pseudanodonta complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with implications for its conservation. J. Molluscan Stud. 73, 259–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eym023 (2007).Article
Google Scholar
18.Neves, R. J., Bogan, A. E., WIlliams, J. D., Ahlstedt, S. A., & Hartfield, P. W. Status of aquatic mollusks in the southeastern United States: A downward spiral of diversity. In Aquatic Fauna in Peril: A Southeastern Perspective (eds. Benz, W. & Collins, D. E.) 43–85 (Southeast Aquatic Research Institute, 1997).19.Kat, P. W. Parasitism and the Unionacea (Bivalvia). Biol. Rev. 59, 189–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1984.tb00407.x (1984).Article
Google Scholar
20.Ćmiel, A. M., Zając, K., Lipińska, A. M. & Zając, T. Glochidial infestation of fish by the endangered thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 28, 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2883 (2018).Article
Google Scholar
21.Modesto, V. et al. Fish and mussels: Importance of fish for freshwater mussel conservation. Fish Fish. 19, 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12252 (2018).Article
Google Scholar
22.Jansen, W. A. & Hanson, M. J. Estimates of the number of glochidia produced by clams (Anodonta grandis simpsoniana Lea) attaching to yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and surviving to various ages in Narrow Lake, Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 69, 973–977. https://doi.org/10.1139/z91-141 (1991).Article
Google Scholar
23.Young, M. & Williams, J. The reproductive biology of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linn.) in Scotland. II Laboratory studies. Arch. Hydrobiol. 100, 29–43 (1984).
Google Scholar
24.Zimmerman, L. & Neves, R. J. Effects of temperature on duration of viability for glochidia of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Am. Malacol. Bull. 17, 31–35 (2002).
Google Scholar
25.Haag, W. R. & Warren, M. L. Host fishes and infection strategies of freshwater mussels in large Mobile Basin streams, USA. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 22, 78. https://doi.org/10.2307/1467979 (2003).Article
Google Scholar
26.Ćmiel, A. M., Zając, T., Zając, K., Lipińska, A. & Najberek, K. Single or multiple spawning? Comparison of breeding strategies of freshwater Unionidae mussels under stochastic environmental conditions. Hydrobiologia 848, 3067–3075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04045-8 (2021).Article
Google Scholar
27.Lillie, F. R. The embryology of the unionidae. A study in cell-lineage. J. Morphol. 10, 1–100. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050100102 (1895).Article
Google Scholar
28.Lopes-Lima, M. et al. The strange case of the tetragenous Anodonta anatina. J. Exp. Zool. 325, 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1995 (2016).Article
Google Scholar
29.Barnhart, M. C., Haag, W. R. & Roston, W. N. Adaptations to host infection and larval parasitism in Unionoida. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 27, 370–394. https://doi.org/10.1899/07-093.1 (2008).Article
Google Scholar
30.Zając, K. & Zając, T. A. Seasonal patterns in the developmental rate of glochidia in the endangered thick-shelled river mussel. Unio crassus Philipsson. 1788. Hydrobiologia 848, 3077–3091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04240-y (2021).CAS
Article
Google Scholar
31.Jones, J. W., Mair, R. A. & Neves, R. J. Factors affecting survival and growth of juvenile freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems. N. Am. J. Aquac. 67, 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1577/A04-055.1 (2005).Article
Google Scholar
32.Iwata, H. & Ukai, Y. SHAPE: A computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors. J. Hered. 93, 384–385. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/93.5.384 (2002).CAS
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
33.Freeman, H. Computer processing of line drawing images. ACM Comput. Surv. 6, 57–97. https://doi.org/10.1145/356625.356627 (1974).Article
MATH
Google Scholar
34.Kuhl, F. P. & Giardina, C. R. Elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour. Comput. Gr. Image Process. 18, 236–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-664X(82)90034-X (1982).Article
Google Scholar
35.Aldridge, D. C. & Horne, D. C. Fossil glochidia (Bivalvia. Unionidae): Identification and value in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. J. Micropalaeontol. 17, 179–182. https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.17.2.179 (1998).Article
Google Scholar
36.Antonova, L. A. & Starobogatov, Y. I. Generic differences of glochidia of naiades (Bivalvia Unionoidea) of the fauna of USSR and problems of the evolution of glochidia. Systematics and Fauna of Gastropoda. Bivalvia and Cephalopoda. Proc. Zool. Inst. Leningr. 187, 129–154 (1988) (in Russian).
Google Scholar
37.Niemeyer, B. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur bionomischen Strategie der Teichmuschelarten Anodonta cygnea L. und Anodonta anatina L. PhD thesis, Institut für Zoologie der Tierärztlichen Hochschule (1992) (in German).38.Harms, W. Postembryonale Entwicklungsgeschichte der Unioniden. Zool. Jb. 28, 325–386 (1909) (in German).
Google Scholar
39.Hüby, B. Zur Entwicklungsbiologie der Fließgewässermuschel Pseudanodonta complanata. PhD thesis, Institut für Zoologie der Tierärztlichen Hochschule (1988) (in German).40.Nagel, K. O. Anatomische, morphologische und biochemische Untersuchungen zur Taxonomie und systematik der europäischer Unionacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia). PhD Dissertation, Universitat des Landes Hessen (1988) (in German).41.Nagel, K. O. Anatomische und morphologische Merkmale europäischer Najaden (Unionoidea: Margaritiferidae und Unionidae) und ihre Bedeutung für die Systematik. Heldia 2, 3–48 (1999) (in German).
Google Scholar
42.Pekkarinen, M. & Englund, V. P. M. Sizes of intramarsupial unionacean glochidia in Finland. Arch. Hydrobiol. 134, 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/134/1995/379 (1995).Article
Google Scholar
43.Escobar-Calderón, J. F. & Douda, K. Variable performance of metamorphosis success indicators in an in vitro culture of freshwater mussel glochidia. Aquaculture 513, 734404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734404 (2019).CAS
Article
Google Scholar
44.Huber, V. M. M. Host Fish Suitability for the Endangered Native Anodonta and Impacts of the Invasive Sinanodonta Woodiana on Their Reproductive Success. PhD Thesis, Technische Universität München (2019).45.Scharsack, G. Licht-und Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Larvalstadien einheimischer Unionacea (Bivalvia; Eulamellibranchiata). PhD Thesis, University of Hannover (1994) (in German).46.Hoggarth, M. A. Descriptions of some of the glochidia of the Unionidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Malacologia 41, 1–118 (1999).
Google Scholar
47.Başçınar, N. S. & Düzgüneş, E. A preliminary study on reproduction and larval development of Swan Mussel [Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758)] (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Lake Çıldır (Kars, Turkey). Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 9, 23–27 (2009).
Google Scholar
48.Sayenko, E. M. The microsculpture of glochidia of some Anodontine bivalves (Unionidae). Biol. Bull. 43, 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016020072 (2016).Article
Google Scholar
49.Claes, M. Untersuchungen zur Entwicklungsbiologie der Teichmuschel Anodonta cygnea. PhD Thesis, Institut für Zoologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (1987) (in German).50.Maaß, S. Untersuchungen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie einheimischer Süßwassermuscheln der Gattung Unio. PhD Dissertation, Institut für Zoologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (1987) (in German).51.Heino, M. & Kaitala, V. Evolution of resource allocation between growth and reproduction in animals with indeterminate growth. J. Evol. Biol. 12, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00044.x (1999).Article
Google Scholar
52.Flatt, T. The evolutionary genetics of canalization. Q. Rev. Biol. 80, 287–316. https://doi.org/10.1086/432265 (2005).Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
53.Hastie, L. C. & Young, M. R. Timing of spawning and glochidial release in Scottish freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) populations. Freshw. Biol. 48, 2107–2117. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01153.x (2003).Article
Google Scholar
54.Glazier, D. S. Smaller amphipod mothers show stronger trade-offs between offspring size and number. Ecol. Lett. 3, 142–149. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2000.00132.x (2001).Article
Google Scholar
55.Reznick, D. Hard and soft selection revisited: How evolution by natural selection works in the real world. J. Hered. 107, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esv076 (2016).Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
56.Haldane, J. B. S. The effect of variation on fitness. Am. Nat. 71, 337–349 (1937).Article
Google Scholar
57.Aldridge, D. C. The morphology, growth and reproduction of Unionidae (Bivalvia) in a fenland waterway. J. Molluscan Stud. 65, 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/65.1.47 (1999).Article
Google Scholar
58.Chernyshev, A. V., Sayenko, E. M. & Bogatov, V. V. Superspecific taxonomy of the far eastern unionids (Bivalvia. Unionidae): Review and analysis. Biol. Bull. 47, 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359020010045 (2020).Article
Google Scholar
59.Pfeiffer, J. M. III. & Graf, D. L. Evolution of bilaterally asymmetrical larvae in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae). Zool. J. Linnean Soc. 175, 307–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12282 (2015).Article
Google Scholar More