Ecology

Brown trout can get hooked on methamphetamine, a highly addictive drug found in waterways around the world. Credit: Getty

Ecology
06 July 2021
Meth-addicted trout swim for a hit

Fish that have been exposed to the highly addictive stimulant for several weeks show signs of withdrawal if deprived of the drug.

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Human drug use can spill over into streams and rivers, because the chemicals pass through wastewater systems that weren’t designed to extract them. To study the effects of a common illicit drug on wildlife, Pavel Horký at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague and his colleagues looked to brown trout, Salmo trutta.For 8 weeks, the researchers held 60 trout in a tank spiked with methamphetamine at a concentration of 1 microgram per litre, and 60 control trout in a meth-free tank. The fish were then placed in a tank containing two separate streams of water — one with methamphetamine and one without — between which they could swim freely. Trout that had spent 2 months swimming in meth-spiked water were found on the meth side in 50.5% of observations, compared with only 41.5% for control trout. The authors interpret this preference as a sign of addiction.Fish from the drugged tank were also markedly less mobile for the first 96 hours after their last exposure to meth, suggesting that they were experiencing withdrawal. The researchers warn that fish that become addicted to drugs could congregate around wastewater discharges, with unknown ecological effects.

J. Exp. Biol. (2021)

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CORRESPONDENCE
06 July 2021

Protect pollinators — reform pesticide regulations

Adrian Fisher

 ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-1910

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Adrian Fisher

Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. On behalf of 14 co-signatories.

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Many approved pesticides still damage pollinator health at doses used in agriculture (see, for example, A. R. Main et al. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 287, 106693; 2020). We argue that this is due to a systemic failure in pesticide regulations (see, for instance, S. López-Cubillos et al. Nature 573, 196; 2019) that has been exacerbated by weak enforcement. Stricter laws are needed that are evidence-based, override vested interests and recognize pollinators as essential contributors to food security.Policymakers must learn from failures in neonicotinoid regulation (see, for example, F. Sgolastra et al. Biol. Conserv. 241, 108356; 2020). Before approval, pesticide risk assessment should incorporate protocols that address sub-lethal effects on pollinators. These include alterations in their behaviour and fitness under ecologically realistic conditions; mandatory testing on diverse species of native pollinators and of colonies for eusocial pollinators; and toxicity evaluation when combined with other chemicals such as proprietary additives, co-occurring pesticides and environmental residues.Long-term monitoring after approval by appropriate governmental organizations will be necessary to pick up unforeseen environmental interactions promptly.

Nature 595, 172 (2021)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01818-xA full list of co-signatories to this letter appears in Supplementary Information.

Supplementary Information

List of co-signatories

Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.

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CORRESPONDENCE
06 July 2021

Integrate conservation reserves for China’s homeless elephants

Nian Yang

0
,

Wenwen Li

1
,

Peng Liu

2
&

Li Zhang

3

Nian Yang

Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

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Wenwen Li

First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.

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Peng Liu

The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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Li Zhang

Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

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Fifteen Asian elephants caught the world’s attention as they trekked northwards for about 500 kilometres from Xishuangbanna prefecture in China’s southwestern province of Yunnan (see go.nature.com/3wofhfc). Their epic journey is widely considered to be a quest for better resources — almost 40% of the animals’ habitat in Xishuangbanna has been lost to commercial development over the past 20 years. We call for an integrated system of national park reserves for China’s elephants. This should be protected and take into account their foraging habits, migration patterns and other phased activities.Conservation efforts have nearly doubled China’s Asian elephant population to about 300 individuals over 40 years (L. Zhang et al. PLoS ONE 10, e0124834; 2015). However, the destruction of habitat by extensive planting of cash crops such as rubber and tea has put them in conflict with humans. The government paid out about 22 million yuan (US$3.25 million) in compensation last year alone (unpublished data).Reconnecting, restoring and expanding existing habitats would cut the cost of such conflicts and boost profits from ecosystem services (see, for example, P. Liu et al. Ecosyst. Serv. 38, 100949; 2019).

Nature 595, 172 (2021)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01820-3

Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.

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