Costanza, R. et al. Twenty years of ecosystem services: how far have we come and how far do we still need to go?. Ecosyst. Serv. 28, 1–16 (2017).
Google Scholar
Costanza, R. et al. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387, 253–260 (1997).
Google Scholar
Mace, G. M., Norris, K. & Fitter, A. H. Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multilayered relationship. Trends Ecol. Evol. 27, 19–26 (2012).
Google Scholar
Pimm, S. L. et al. The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science 344, 1246752 (2014).
Google Scholar
De Vos, J. M., Joppa, L. N., Gittleman, J. L., Stephens, P. R. & Pimm, S. L. Estimating the normal background rate of species extinction. Conserv. Biol. 29, 452–462 (2015).
Google Scholar
Humphreys, A. M., Govaerts, R., Ficinski, S. Z., Nic Lughadha, E. & Vorontsova, M. S. Global dataset shows geography and life form predict modern plant extinction and rediscovery. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 1043–1047 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hooper, D. U. et al. Effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecol. Monogr. 75, 3–35 (2005).
Google Scholar
Worm, B. et al. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314, 787–790 (2006).
Google Scholar
Cardinale, B. J. et al. Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature 486, 59–67 (2012).
Google Scholar
Isbell, F., Tilman, D., Polasky, S. & Loreau, M. The biodiversity-dependent ecosystem service debt. Ecol. Lett. 18, 119–134 (2015).
Google Scholar
Oliver, T. H. et al. Declining resilience of ecosystem functions under biodiversity loss. Nat. Commun. 6, 10122 (2015).
Google Scholar
Smale, D. A. et al. Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. Nat. Clim. Change 9, 306–312 (2019).
Google Scholar
Reilly, J. R. et al. Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators. Proc. R. Soc. B. 287, 20200922 (2020).
Google Scholar
Tscharntke, T., Klein, A. M., Kruess, A., Steffan-Dewenter, I. & Thies, C. Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity-ecosystem service management. Ecol. Lett. 8, 857–874 (2005).
Google Scholar
Kaiser‐Bunbury, C. N., Muff, S., Memmott, J., Müller, C. B. & Caflisch, A. The robustness of pollination networks to the loss of species and interactions: a quantitative approach incorporating pollinator behaviour. Ecol. Lett. 13, 442–452 (2010).
Google Scholar
Hautier, Y. et al. Eutrophication weakens stabilizing effects of diversity in natural grasslands. Nature 508, 521–525 (2014).
Google Scholar
Duncan, C., Thompson, J. R. & Pettorelli, N. The quest for a mechanistic understanding of biodiversity–ecosystem services relationships. Proc. R. Soc. B 282, 20151348 (2015).
Google Scholar
Oliver, T. H. et al. Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 30, 673–684 (2015).
Google Scholar
Dee, L. E. et al. Operationalizing network theory for ecosystem service assessments. Trends Ecol. Evol. 32, 118–130 (2017).
Google Scholar
Mastrángelo, M. E. et al. Key knowledge gaps to achieve global sustainability goals. Nat. Sustain. 2, 1115–1121 (2019).
Google Scholar
Isbell, F. et al. Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes. Nature 526, 574–577 (2015).
Google Scholar
Mace, G. M., Hails, R. S., Cryle, P., Harlow, J. & Clarke, S. J. Towards a risk register for natural capital. J. Appl. Ecol. 52, 641–653 (2015).
Google Scholar
Donohue, I. et al. Navigating the complexity of ecological stability. Ecol. Lett. 19, 1072–1085 (2016).
Google Scholar
Keyes, A. A., McLaughlin, J. P., Barner, A. K. & Dee, L. E. An ecological network approach to predict ecosystem service vulnerability to species losses. Nat. Commun. 12, 1586 (2021).
Google Scholar
Yachi, S. & Loreau, M. Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: the insurance hypothesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1463–1468 (1999).
Google Scholar
Pillar, V. D. et al. Functional redundancy and stability in plant communities. J. Veg. Sci. 24, 963–974 (2013).
Google Scholar
Feit, B., Blüthgen, N., Traugott, M. & Jonsson, M. Resilience of ecosystem processes: a new approach shows that functional redundancy of biological control services is reduced by landscape simplification. Ecol. Lett. 22, 1568–1577 (2019).
Google Scholar
Salski, A. Ecological applications of fuzzy logic. Pages 3–14 in Ecological Informatics (ed. Recknagel, F.) (Springer, 2003).
Ehrlich, P. R. & Mooney, H. A. Extinction, substitution, and ecosystem services. Bioscience 33, 248–254 (1983).
Google Scholar
Winfree, R. & Kremen, C. Are ecosystem services stabilized by differences among species? A test using crop pollination. Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 229–237 (2009).
Google Scholar
Díaz, S. et al. Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 20684 (2007).
Google Scholar
Petchey, O. L. & Gaston, K. J. Extinction and the loss of functional diversity. Proc. R. Soc. B 269, 1721–1727 (2002).
Google Scholar
Petchey, O. L., Hector, A. & Gaston, K. J. How do different measures of functional diversity perform? Ecology 85, 847–857 (2004).
Google Scholar
Maseyk, F. J. F., Demeter, L., Csergő, A. M. & Buckley, Y. M. Effect of management on natural capital stocks underlying ecosystem service provision: a ‘provider group’ approach. Biodivers. Conserv. 26, 3289–3305 (2017).
Google Scholar
Schröter, M. et al. Assumptions in ecosystem service assessments: increasing transparency for conservation. Ambio 50, 289–300 (2021).
Google Scholar
Dee, L. E. et al. When do ecosystem services depend on rare species? Trends Ecol. Evol. 34, 746–758 (2019).
Google Scholar
Des Roches, S., Pendleton, L. H., Shapiro, B. & Palkovacs, E. P. Conserving intraspecific variation for nature’s contributions to people. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 5, 574–582 (2021).
Google Scholar
Lafuite, A.-S., de Mazancourt, C. & Loreau, M. Delayed behavioural shifts undermine the sustainability of social–ecological systems. Proc. R. Soc. B 284, 20171192 (2017).
Google Scholar
Costanza, R. et al. Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Glob. Environ. Change 26, 152–158 (2014).
Google Scholar
Wyborn, C. et al. Imagining transformative biodiversity futures. Nat. Sustain. 3, 670–672 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bodin, Ö. et al. Improving network approaches to the study of complex social–ecological interdependencies. Nat. Sustain. 2, 551–559 (2019).
Google Scholar
Palumbi, S. R. et al. Managing for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem services. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7, 204–211 (2009).
Google Scholar
Fanin, N. et al. Consistent effects of biodiversity loss on multifunctionality across contrasting ecosystems. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2, 269–278 (2018).
Google Scholar
White, L., O’Connor, N. E., Yang, Q., Emmerson, M. C. & Donohue, I. Individual species provide multifaceted contributions to the stability of ecosystems. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 4, 1594–1601 (2020).
Google Scholar
Mace, G. M. et al. Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN’s system for classifying threatened species. Conserv. Biol. 22, 1424–1442 (2008).
Google Scholar
Moreno-Mateos, D. et al. The long-term restoration of ecosystem complexity. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 4, 676–685 (2020).
Google Scholar
Winfree, R. et al. Species turnover promotes the importance of bee diversity for crop pollination at regional scales. Science 359, 791–793 (2018).
Google Scholar
Memmott, J., Waser, N. M. & Price, M. V. Tolerance of pollination networks to species extinctions. Proc. R. Soc. B 271, 2605–2611 (2004).
Google Scholar
Purvis, A., Agapow, P. M., Gittleman, J. L. & Mace, G. M. Nonrandom extinction and the loss of evolutionary history. Science 288, 328–330 (2000).
Google Scholar
Gross, K. & Cardinale, B. J. The functional consequences of random vs. ordered species extinctions. Ecol. Lett. 8, 409–418 (2005).
Google Scholar
Estes, J. A. et al. Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science 333, 301–306 (2011).
Google Scholar
Ross, S. R. P.-J. et al. Code from: Universal scaling of robustness of ecosystem services to species loss (Version V0.4.2-beta). zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4749405 (2021).
Source: Ecology - nature.com