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R_Core_Team. (Vienna, Austria, 2019). More

Affiliations

Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
Cornelius Senf & Rupert Seidl

Institute for Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
Cornelius Senf & Rupert Seidl

Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany
Rupert Seidl

Authors
Cornelius Senf

Rupert Seidl

Corresponding author
Correspondence to Cornelius Senf. More

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Characteristics of the NMs
Commercially available spherical (10, 60, and 100 nm) and rod-shaped (10 × 45 nm and 50 × 100 nm) citrate-coated Au-NMs from Nanopartz (USA) were characterized in Milli-Q (MQ) water in terms of particle size and morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Supplementary Fig. 1). The physicochemical properties of the Au-NMs in MQ water are summarized in Supplementary Table 1. A negative zeta potential (a measure of colloidal dispersion electrostatic stability) was observed for all Au-NMs and ranged from −21 to −25 mV in MQ water and from −17 to −19 mV in the algal exposure medium (without algae). The stability of the particles against dissolution and agglomeration in the algal exposure medium without algae was monitored throughout the exposure duration (72 h). The dissolved fraction of the Au-NMs was More